PMID- 33039601
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211108
LR  - 20211108
IS  - 1567-7257 (Electronic)
IS  - 1567-1348 (Linking)
VI  - 86
DP  - 2020 Dec
TI  - Unraveling the susceptibility of paracoccidioidomycosis: Insights towards the 
      pathogen-immune interplay and immunogenetics.
PG  - 104586
LID - S1567-1348(20)30417-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104586 [doi]
AB  - Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a life-threatening systemic mycosis caused by 
      Paracoccidioides spp. This disease comprises three clinical forms: symptomatic 
      acute and chronic forms (PCM disease) and PCM infection, a latent form without 
      clinical symptoms. PCM disease differs markedly according to severity, clinical 
      manifestations, and host immune response. Fungal virulence factors and adhesion 
      molecules are determinants for entry, latency, immune escape and invasion, and 
      dissemination in the host. Neutrophils and macrophages play a paramount role in 
      first-line defense against the fungus through the recognition of antigens by 
      pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating their microbicidal machinery. 
      Furthermore, the clinical outcome of the PCM is strongly associated with the 
      variability of cytokines and immunoglobulins produced by T and B cells. While the 
      mechanisms that mediate susceptibility or resistance to infection are dictated by 
      the immune system, some genetic factors may alter gene expression and its final 
      products and, hence, modulate how the organism responds to infection and injury. 
      This review outlines the main findings relative to this topic, addressing the 
      complexity of the immune response triggered by Paracoccidioides spp. infection 
      from preclinical investigations to studies in humans. Here, we focus on 
      mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis, the patterns of innate and adaptive immunity, 
      and the genetic and molecular basis related to immune response and susceptibility 
      to the development of the PCM and its clinical forms. Immunogenetic features such 
      as HLA system, cytokines/cytokines receptors genes and other immune-related 
      genes, and miRNAs are likewise discussed. Finally, we point out the occurrence of 
      PCM in patients with primary immunodeficiencies and call attention to the 
      research gaps and challenges faced by the PCM field.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Cezar-Dos-Santos, Fernando
AU  - Cezar-Dos-Santos F
AD  - Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State 
      University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics 
      and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of 
      Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: fernando.bmed@gmail.com.
FAU - Assolini, Joao Paulo
AU  - Assolini JP
AD  - Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State 
      University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
FAU - Okuyama, Nadia Calvo Martins
AU  - Okuyama NCM
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological 
      Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
FAU - Viana, Kelvinson Fernandes
AU  - Viana KF
AD  - Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Nature, Federal University of 
      Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguacu, PR, Brazil.
FAU - de Oliveira, Karen Brajao
AU  - de Oliveira KB
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological 
      Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
FAU - Itano, Eiko Nakagawa
AU  - Itano EN
AD  - Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State 
      University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201008
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Infect Genet Evol
JT  - Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and 
      evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases
JID - 101084138
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - *Disease Susceptibility/immunology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Paracoccidioides/immunology
MH  - Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis/*etiology/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Candidate genes
OT  - HLA
OT  - Immune response
OT  - PIDs
OT  - Paracoccidioidomycosis
OT  - microRNA
EDAT- 2020/10/12 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/09 06:00
CRDT- 2020/10/11 20:24
PHST- 2020/05/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/10/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/10/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/11 20:24 [entrez]
AID - S1567-1348(20)30417-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104586 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Infect Genet Evol. 2020 Dec;86:104586. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104586. Epub 
      2020 Oct 8.