PMID- 33041683
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240329
IS  - 1535-2188 (Print)
IS  - 1536-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1535-2188 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 3
DP  - 2020 Aug
TI  - Imaging in Propeller Flap Surgery.
PG  - 145-151
LID - 10.1055/s-0040-1715159 [doi]
AB  - Since propeller flaps are elevated as island flaps and most often nourished by a 
      single perforator nearby the defect, it is challenging to change the flap design 
      intraoperatively when a reliable perforator cannot be found where expected to 
      exist. Thus, accurate preoperative mapping of perforators is essential in the 
      safe planning of propeller flaps. Various methods have been reported so far: (1) 
      handheld acoustic Doppler sonography (ADS), (2) color duplex sonography (CDS), 
      (3) perforator computed tomographic angiography (P-CTA), and (4) magnetic 
      resonance angiography (MRA). To facilitate the preoperative perforator 
      assessment, P-CTA is currently considered as the gold standard imaging tool in 
      revealing the three-dimensional anatomical details of perforators precisely. 
      Nevertheless, ADS remains the most widely used tool due to its low cost, faster 
      learning, and ease of use despite an undesirable number of false-positive 
      results. CDS can provide hemodynamic characteristics of the perforator and is a 
      valid and safer alternative particularly in patients in whom ionizing radiation 
      and/or contrast exposure should be limited. Although MRA is less accurate in 
      detecting smaller perforators of caliber less than 1.0 mm and the intramuscular 
      course of perforators at the present time, MRA is expected to improve in the 
      future due to the recent developments in technology, making it as accurate as 
      P-CTA. Moreover, it provides the advantage of being radiation-free with fewer 
      contrast reactions.
CI  - Thieme. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ono, Shimpei
AU  - Ono S
AD  - Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical 
      School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Ohi, Hiroyuki
AU  - Ohi H
AD  - Hand and Microsurgery Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
FAU - Ogawa, Rei
AU  - Ogawa R
AD  - Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical 
      School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200922
PL  - United States
TA  - Semin Plast Surg
JT  - Seminars in plastic surgery
JID - 101131275
PMC - PMC7542212
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CT angiography
OT  - acoustic Doppler sonography
OT  - color duplex sonography
COIS- Conflicts of Interest None of the authors has a financial interest to declare in 
      relation to the content of this article.
EDAT- 2020/10/13 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/13 06:01
PMCR- 2021/08/01
CRDT- 2020/10/12 05:27
PHST- 2020/10/12 05:27 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/10/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/13 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 01267 [pii]
AID - 10.1055/s-0040-1715159 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Semin Plast Surg. 2020 Aug;34(3):145-151. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1715159. Epub 2020 
      Sep 22.