PMID- 33045370
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210225
LR  - 20210225
IS  - 1469-0691 (Electronic)
IS  - 1198-743X (Print)
IS  - 1198-743X (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Feb
TI  - A whole blood test to measure SARS-CoV-2-specific response in COVID-19 patients.
PG  - 286.e7-286.e13
LID - S1198-743X(20)30605-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.051 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To examine whether specific T-cell-responses to SARS-CoV-2 peptides 
      can be detected in COVID-19 using a whole-blood experimental setting, which may 
      be further explored as a potential diagnostic tool. METHODS: We evaluated 
      interferon (IFN)-gamma levels after stimulating whole-blood with spike and 
      remainder-antigens peptides megapools (MP) derived from SARS-CoV-2 sequences; 
      interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, 
      IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, eotaxin, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), 
      granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage 
      colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-gamma, Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 
      (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory 
      protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), RANTES 
      (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), tumour necrosis 
      factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also 
      evaluated. RESULTS: IFN-gamma-response to spike and remainder-antigens MPs was 
      significantly increased in 35 COVID-19 patients compared with 29 'no COVID-19' 
      individuals (medians spike-MP: 0.26 vs 0, p = 0.0002; medians 
      remainder-antigens-MP: 0.07 vs 0.02; p = 0.02). This response was detected 
      independently of patients' clinical parameters. IFN-gamma-response to 
      SARS-CoV-2-unrelated antigens cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Staphylococcal 
      Enterotoxin B (SEB) was similar in COVID-19 compared with 'no COVID-19' 
      individuals (median CMV: 3.46 vs 5.28, p = 0.16; median SEB: 12.68 vs 15.05; 
      p = 0.1). In response to spike-MPs in COVID-19- compared with 'no COVID-19' 
      -individuals, we found significant higher median of IL-2 (50.08 vs 0, 
      p = 0.0018), IFN-gamma (90.16 vs 0, p = 0.01), IL-4 (0.52 vs 0, p = 0.03), IL-13 
      (0.84 vs 0, p = 0.007) and MCP-1 (4602 vs 359.2, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Immune 
      response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides in a whole-blood assay is associated with 
      COVID-19 and it is characterized by both Th1 and Th2 profile. This experimental 
      approach may be useful for developing new T-cell based diagnostic tests for 
      disease and vaccine settings.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
FAU - Petrone, Linda
AU  - Petrone L
AD  - Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Petruccioli, Elisa
AU  - Petruccioli E
AD  - Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Vanini, Valentina
AU  - Vanini V
AD  - Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Cuzzi, Gilda
AU  - Cuzzi G
AD  - Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Najafi Fard, Saeid
AU  - Najafi Fard S
AD  - Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Alonzi, Tonino
AU  - Alonzi T
AD  - Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Castilletti, Concetta
AU  - Castilletti C
AD  - Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Palmieri, Fabrizio
AU  - Palmieri F
AD  - Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 
      Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Gualano, Gina
AU  - Gualano G
AD  - Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 
      Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Vittozzi, Pietro
AU  - Vittozzi P
AD  - Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 
      Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Nicastri, Emanuele
AU  - Nicastri E
AD  - Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious 
      Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Lepore, Luciana
AU  - Lepore L
AD  - Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious 
      Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Antinori, Andrea
AU  - Antinori A
AD  - HIV/AIDS Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Vergori, Alessandra
AU  - Vergori A
AD  - HIV/AIDS Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Caccamo, Nadia
AU  - Caccamo N
AD  - Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of 
      Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced 
      Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Cantini, Fabrizio
AU  - Cantini F
AD  - Rheumatology Department, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Hospital of Prato, Italy.
FAU - Girardi, Enrico
AU  - Girardi E
AD  - Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Disease "Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Ippolito, Giuseppe
AU  - Ippolito G
AD  - Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Disease "Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Grifoni, Alba
AU  - Grifoni A
AD  - Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for 
      Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
FAU - Goletti, Delia
AU  - Goletti D
AD  - Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: delia.goletti@inmi.it.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201010
PL  - England
TA  - Clin Microbiol Infect
JT  - Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European 
      Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
JID - 9516420
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (IFNG protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 0 (Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus)
RN  - 0 (spike protein, SARS-CoV-2)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Antigens, Viral/immunology
MH  - COVID-19/blood/*immunology
MH  - COVID-19 Serological Testing/*methods
MH  - Cytokines/blood/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology
MH  - Interferon-gamma/blood/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - SARS-CoV-2/*immunology
MH  - Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
MH  - Th1 Cells/immunology
MH  - Th2 Cells/immunology
PMC - PMC7547312
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - IFN-gamma
OT  - Immune response
OT  - Multiplex analysis
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
OT  - Serology response
OT  - Specific response
OT  - T-cell based tests
OT  - Whole blood
EDAT- 2020/10/13 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/26 06:00
PMCR- 2020/10/10
CRDT- 2020/10/12 20:08
PHST- 2020/07/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/09/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/10/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/12 20:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/10/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1198-743X(20)30605-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.051 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 Feb;27(2):286.e7-286.e13. doi: 
      10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.051. Epub 2020 Oct 10.