PMID- 33046839
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210504
LR  - 20211012
IS  - 1759-4782 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-4774 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 3
DP  - 2021 Mar
TI  - Lung cancer LDCT screening and mortality reduction - evidence, pitfalls and 
      future perspectives.
PG  - 135-151
LID - 10.1038/s41571-020-00432-6 [doi]
AB  - In the past decade, the introduction of molecularly targeted agents and 
      immune-checkpoint inhibitors has led to improved survival outcomes for patients 
      with advanced-stage lung cancer; however, this disease remains the leading cause 
      of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Two large randomized controlled trials of 
      low-dose CT (LDCT)-based lung cancer screening in high-risk populations - the US 
      National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and NELSON - have provided evidence of a 
      statistically significant mortality reduction in patients. LDCT-based screening 
      programmes for individuals at a high risk of lung cancer have already been 
      implemented in the USA. Furthermore, implementation programmes are currently 
      underway in the UK following the success of the UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) 
      trial, which included the Liverpool Health Lung Project, Manchester Lung Health 
      Check, the Lung Screen Uptake Trial, the West London Lung Cancer Screening pilot 
      and the Yorkshire Lung Screening trial. In this Review, we focus on the current 
      evidence on LDCT-based lung cancer screening and discuss the clinical 
      developments in high-risk populations worldwide; additionally, we address aspects 
      such as cost-effectiveness. We present a framework to define the scope of future 
      implementation research on lung cancer screening programmes referred to as 
      Screening Planning and Implementation RAtionale for Lung cancer (SPIRAL).
FAU - Oudkerk, Matthijs
AU  - Oudkerk M
AD  - Institute of Diagnostic Accuracy (iDNA), Groningen, Netherlands. 
      m.oudkerk@rug.nl.
AD  - Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. 
      m.oudkerk@rug.nl.
FAU - Liu, ShiYuan
AU  - Liu S
AD  - Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 
      Shanghai, China.
FAU - Heuvelmans, Marjolein A
AU  - Heuvelmans MA
AD  - Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center 
      Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
FAU - Walter, Joan E
AU  - Walter JE
AD  - Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, 
      Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Field, John K
AU  - Field JK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3951-6365
AD  - Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical 
      Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201012
PL  - England
TA  - Nat Rev Clin Oncol
JT  - Nature reviews. Clinical oncology
JID - 101500077
RN  - 0 (Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - *Early Detection of Cancer
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/*therapeutic use
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology/mortality/pathology
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed
EDAT- 2020/10/14 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/05 06:00
CRDT- 2020/10/13 05:36
PHST- 2020/09/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/10/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/13 05:36 [entrez]
AID - 10.1038/s41571-020-00432-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41571-020-00432-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021 Mar;18(3):135-151. doi: 10.1038/s41571-020-00432-6. Epub 
      2020 Oct 12.