PMID- 33050143
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210521
LR  - 20210521
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 20
DP  - 2020 Oct 9
TI  - Water Extract of Lotus Leaf Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via 
      Regulating Protein Metabolism-Related Pathways in Mice.
LID - 10.3390/molecules25204592 [doi]
LID - 4592
AB  - Muscle atrophy is an abnormal condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle 
      mass and function and is primarily caused by injury, malnutrition, various 
      diseases, and aging. Leaf of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), which has been used 
      for medicinal purposes, contains various active ingredients, including 
      polyphenols, and is reported to exert an antioxidant effect. In this study, we 
      investigated the effect of water extract of lotus leaf (LL) on muscle atrophy and 
      the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Amounts of 100, 200, or 300 
      mg/kg/day LL were administered to dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy mice 
      for 4 weeks. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis revealed that the intake of 
      LL significantly increased calf muscle volume, surface area, and density in 
      DEX-induced muscle atrophy mice. Administration of LL recovered moving distance, 
      grip strength, ATP production, and body weight, which were decreased by DEX. In 
      addition, muscle damage caused by DEX was also improved by LL. LL reduced the 
      protein catabolic pathway by suppressing gene expression of muscle atrophy F-Box 
      (MAFbx; atrogin-1), muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1), and forkhead box O (FoxO)3a, as 
      well as phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). The AKT-mammalian target 
      of the rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway, which is important for muscle protein 
      synthesis, was increased in LL-administered groups. The HPLC analysis and 
      pharmacological test revealed that quercetin 3-O-beta-glucuronide (Q3G) is a 
      major active component in LL. Thus, Q3G decreased the gene expression of 
      atrogin-1 and MuRF1 and phosphorylation of AMPK. This compound also increased 
      phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its upstream enzyme AKT in DEX-treated C2C12 
      cells. We identified that LL improves muscle wasting through regulation of muscle 
      protein metabolism in DEX-induced muscle atrophy mice. Q3G is predicted to be one 
      of the major active phenolic components in LL. Therefore, we propose LL as a 
      supplement or therapeutic agent to prevent or treat muscle wasting, such as 
      sarcopenia.
FAU - Park, Sang Hee
AU  - Park SH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1175-4222
AD  - Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
FAU - Oh, Jieun
AU  - Oh J
AD  - Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence 
      at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
FAU - Jo, Minkyeong
AU  - Jo M
AD  - Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence 
      at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jin Kyeong
AU  - Kim JK
AD  - Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence 
      at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Dong Seon
AU  - Kim DS
AD  - Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence 
      at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Han Gyung
AU  - Kim HG
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4730-9801
AD  - Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence 
      at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
FAU - Yoon, Keejung
AU  - Yoon K
AD  - Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence 
      at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
FAU - Yang, Yoonyong
AU  - Yang Y
AD  - Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence 
      at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
FAU - Geum, Jeong-Ho
AU  - Geum JH
AD  - COSMAX NBT, INC., Seoul 06132, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jung-Eun
AU  - Kim JE
AD  - Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of 
      Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea.
FAU - Choi, Su-Young
AU  - Choi SY
AD  - Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of 
      Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Ji Hye
AU  - Kim JH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7881-9599
AD  - Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence 
      at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
FAU - Cho, Jae Youl
AU  - Cho JY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8141-9927
AD  - Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
AD  - Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence 
      at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - Grant S2435140/Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS)/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201009
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 7S5I7G3JQL (Dexamethasone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Dexamethasone/*toxicity
MH  - Lotus/*chemistry
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Muscular Atrophy/*drug therapy/*metabolism
MH  - Plant Extracts/chemistry/*therapeutic use
MH  - Plant Leaves/*chemistry
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Water/*chemistry
MH  - X-Ray Microtomography
PMC - PMC7587191
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atrogin-1
OT  - C2C12 myoblast cells
OT  - MuRF1
OT  - Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn
OT  - Quercetin 3-O-beta-glucuronide
OT  - dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy
OT  - leaf of lotus
OT  - muscle wasting
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/22 06:00
PMCR- 2020/10/09
CRDT- 2020/10/14 01:03
PHST- 2020/09/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/10/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/10/14 01:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules25204592 [pii]
AID - molecules-25-04592 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules25204592 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2020 Oct 9;25(20):4592. doi: 10.3390/molecules25204592.