PMID- 33051344
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211012
LR  - 20211012
IS  - 2332-7812 (Electronic)
IS  - 2332-7812 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jan
TI  - Mild progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after switching from natalizumab 
      to ocrelizumab.
LID - 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000904 [doi]
LID - e904
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe the disease course of carryover progressive multifocal 
      leukoencephalopathy (PML) after switching from natalizumab to ocrelizumab in 2 
      patients with relapsing-remitting MS. METHODS: Two case reports with 1 year of 
      follow-up and retrospective longitudinal measurements of serum neurofilament 
      light (NfL) levels and B-cells. RESULTS: PML was diagnosed 78 days (case 1) and 
      97 days (case 2) after discontinuation of natalizumab. Both patients developed 
      mild immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) despite B-cell depletion 
      caused by ocrelizumab. NfL levels increased in both patients during PML-IRIS. 
      PML-IRIS lesions stabilized after treatment with mefloquine and mirtazapine, 
      followed by methylprednisolone, and both patients continued therapy with 
      ocrelizumab when B-cells started to repopulate. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical course 
      of carryover PML was mild in both patients, suggesting that B-cell depletion 
      possibly did not aggravate PML-IRIS in these 2 patients.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on 
      behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.
FAU - Toorop, Alyssa A
AU  - Toorop AA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7196-9826
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom. a.toorop@amsterdamumc.nl.
FAU - van Lierop, Zoe Y G
AU  - van Lierop ZYG
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3200-8966
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Strijbis, Eva E M
AU  - Strijbis EEM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6705-5864
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Teunissen, Charlotte E
AU  - Teunissen CE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4061-0837
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Petzold, Axel
AU  - Petzold A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0344-9749
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Wattjes, Mike P
AU  - Wattjes MP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9298-2897
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Barkhof, Frederik
AU  - Barkhof F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3543-3706
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - de Jong, Brigit A
AU  - de Jong BA
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - van Kempen, Zoe L E
AU  - van Kempen ZLE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9557-5381
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Killestein, Joep
AU  - Killestein J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6347-5957
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (A.A.T., Z.Y.G.L., E.E.M.S., B.A.J., Z.L.E.K., 
      J.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam; Department of Clinical Chemistry 
      (C.E.T.), Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 
      Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of 
      Ophthalmology (A.P.), Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam 
      Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional 
      Neuroradiology (M.P.W.), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Department of 
      Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.P.W., F.B.), Amsterdam University Medical 
      Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroinflammation (F.B.), Queen Square 
      MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University 
      College London; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University 
      College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (F.B.), London, United 
      Kingdom.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201013
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
JT  - Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation
JID - 101636388
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized)
RN  - 0 (Immunologic Factors)
RN  - 0 (Natalizumab)
RN  - A10SJL62JY (ocrelizumab)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunologic Factors/*adverse effects
MH  - Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/*chemically induced
MH  - Male
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/*drug therapy
MH  - Natalizumab
PMC - PMC7577542
EDAT- 2020/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/13 06:00
PMCR- 2020/10/13
CRDT- 2020/10/14 09:12
PHST- 2020/06/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/10/14 09:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 8/1/e904 [pii]
AID - NEURIMMINFL2020032391 [pii]
AID - 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000904 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 Oct 13;8(1):e904. doi: 
      10.1212/NXI.0000000000000904. Print 2021 Jan.