PMID- 33052669
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210204
LR  - 20240330
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 21
DP  - 2020 Nov 3
TI  - Effects of Different Microplastics on Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Tracking 
      the Extractable Additives Using an Ecotoxicological Approach.
PG  - 13868-13878
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.0c04641 [doi]
AB  - With increasing interest in the effects of microplastics on the soil environment, 
      there is a need to thoroughly evaluate the potential adverse effects of these 
      particles as a function of their characteristics (size, shape, and composition). 
      In addition, extractable chemical additives from microplastics have been 
      identified as an important toxicity pathway in the aquatic environment. However, 
      currently, little is known about the effects of such additives on the soil 
      environment. In this study on nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), we adopted an 
      ecotoxicological approach to assess the potential effects of 13 different 
      microplastics (0.001-1% of soil dry weight) with different characteristics and 
      extractable additives. We found that poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fragments 
      and polyacrylicnitrile (PAN) fibers show the highest toxicity, while high-density 
      polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) fragments induced 
      relatively less adverse effects on nematodes. In addition, low-density 
      polyethylene (LDPE) induced no toxicity within our test concentration range for 
      the acute period. Acute toxicity was mainly attributed to the extractable 
      additives: when the additives were extracted, the toxic effects of each 
      microplastic disappeared in the acute soil toxicity test. The harmful effects of 
      the LDPE films and PAN fibers increased when the microplastics were maintained in 
      the soil for a long-term period with frequent wet-dry cycles. We here provide 
      clear evidence that microplastic toxicity in the soil is highly related to 
      extractable additives. Our results suggest that future experiments consider 
      extractable additives as key explanatory variables.
FAU - Kim, Shin Woong
AU  - Kim SW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1434-9444
AD  - Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
AD  - Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, 
      Germany.
AD  - Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, 
      Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Waldman, Walter R
AU  - Waldman WR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7280-2243
AD  - Science and Technology Center for Sustainability, Federal University of Sao 
      Carlos, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Kim, Tae-Young
AU  - Kim TY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8846-3338
AD  - School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of 
      Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - Rillig, Matthias C
AU  - Rillig MC
AD  - Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
AD  - Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, 
      Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20201014
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Ecotoxicology
MH  - Microplastics
MH  - *Nematoda
MH  - Plastics/toxicity
MH  - Soil
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
PMC - PMC7643727
COIS- The authors declare no competing financial interest.
EDAT- 2020/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/05 06:00
PMCR- 2021/10/14
CRDT- 2020/10/14 17:58
PHST- 2020/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/14 17:58 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.0c04641 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Nov 3;54(21):13868-13878. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04641. 
      Epub 2020 Oct 14.