PMID- 33064777
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201210
LR  - 20231112
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 10
DP  - 2020
TI  - Neurobehavior of newborn infants exposed prenatally to methadone and 
      identification of a neurobehavioral profile linked to poorer neurodevelopmental 
      outcomes at age 24 months.
PG  - e0240905
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0240905 [doi]
LID - e0240905
AB  - The abuse of prescription opioids and heroin by women of childbearing age over 
      the past decade has resulted in a five-fold increase in the number of infants 
      born opioid-dependent. Daily opioid substitution treatment with methadone is 
      associated with less maternal illicit opioid use and improved antenatal care. 
      However, research on the neurobehavioral effects of daily prenatal exposure to 
      methadone on the infant is limited. Using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale 
      (NNNS), we compared the neurobehavior at birth of 86 infants born to 
      opioid-dependent mothers receiving methadone treatment (MMT) with 103 infants 
      unexposed to methadone. Generalized linear models, adjusted for covariates, 
      showed methadone exposed infants had significantly poorer attention, regulation, 
      and quality of movement. They were also significantly more excitable, more easily 
      aroused, exhibited more non-optimal reflexes, hypertonicity, and total signs of 
      stress abstinence. Maternal MMT was also associated with more indices of neonatal 
      abstinence, including: CNS, visual, genitourinary (GI), and state. Latent profile 
      analysis of the NNNS summary scores revealed four distinct neurobehavioral 
      profiles with infants characterized by the most disturbed neurobehavior at birth 
      having the poorest clinical outcomes at birth, and poorer cognitive and motor 
      development at 24 months of age.
FAU - Wouldes, Trecia A
AU  - Wouldes TA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6609-8464
AD  - Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The 
      University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Woodward, Lianne J
AU  - Woodward LJ
AD  - School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20201016
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
RN  - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Attention
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Child Development/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant Behavior/*physiology
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Maternal Exposure
MH  - Methadone/adverse effects/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Muscle Hypertonia/pathology
MH  - Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/diagnosis
MH  - Opiate Substitution Treatment
MH  - Opioid-Related Disorders/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/etiology
MH  - Psychometrics
PMC - PMC7567379
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2020/10/17 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2020/10/16
CRDT- 2020/10/16 17:11
PHST- 2020/01/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/10/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/10/16 17:11 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/10/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-20-00546 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0240905 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2020 Oct 16;15(10):e0240905. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240905. 
      eCollection 2020.