PMID- 33068585 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210603 LR - 20210603 IS - 1096-0953 (Electronic) IS - 0013-9351 (Linking) VI - 196 DP - 2021 May TI - Legacy and novel flame retardants from indoor dust in Antarctica: Sources and human exposure. PG - 110344 LID - S0013-9351(20)31241-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110344 [doi] AB - The air humidity in Antarctica is very low and this peculiar weather parameter make the use of flame retardants in research facilities highly needed for safety reasons, as fires are a major risk. Legacy and novel flame retardants (nFRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), Dechlorane Plus (DP), and other nFRs were measured in indoor dust samples collected at research Stations in Antarctica: Gabriel de Castilla, Spain (GCS), Julio Escudero, Chile (JES), and onboard the RRS James Clark Ross, United Kingdom (RRS JCR). The GC-HRMS and LC-MS-MS analyses of dust samples revealed summation operator(7)PBDEs of 41.5 +/- 43.8 ng/g in rooms at GCS, 18.7 +/- 11.6 ng/g at JES, and 27.2 +/- 37.9 ng/g onboard the RRS JCR. PBDE pattern was different between the sites and most abundant congeners were BDE-183 (40%) at GCS, BDE-99 (50%) at JES, and BDE-153 (37%) onboard the RRS JCR. The summation operator((4))HBCDs were 257 +/- 407 ng/g, 14.9 +/- 14.5 ng/g, and 761 +/- 1043 ng/g in indoor dust collected in rooms at GCS, JES, and RRS JCR, respectively. The summation operator(9)nFRs were 224 +/- 178 ng/g at GCS, 14.1 +/- 13.8 ng/g at JES, and 194 +/- 392 ng/g on the RRS JCR. Syn- and anti-DP were detected in most of the samples and both isomers showed the highest concentrations at GCS: 163 +/- 93.6 and 48.5 +/- 61.1 ng/g, respectively. The laboratory and living room showed the highest concentration of HBCDs, DPs, BTBPE. The wide variations in FR levels in dust from the three research facilities and between differently used rooms reflect the different origin of furnishing, building materials and equipment. The potential health risk associated to a daily exposure via dust ingestion was assessed for selected FRs: BDEs 47, 99, and 153, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-HBCD, BTBPE, syn- and anti-DP. Although the estimated exposures are below the available reference doses, caution is needed given the expected increasing use of novel chemicals without a comprehensive toxicological profile. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Corsolini, Simonetta AU - Corsolini S AD - Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy. Electronic address: simonetta.corsolini@unisi.it. FAU - Metzdorff, America AU - Metzdorff A AD - Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy. FAU - Baroni, Davide AU - Baroni D AD - Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy. FAU - Roscales, Jose L AU - Roscales JL AD - Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de La Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Jimenez, Begona AU - Jimenez B AD - Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de La Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Cerro-Galvez, Elena AU - Cerro-Galvez E AD - Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC-Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain. FAU - Dachs, Jordi AU - Dachs J AD - Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC-Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain. FAU - Galban-Malagon, Cristobal AU - Galban-Malagon C AD - Centre for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias de La Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda. Republica 252, Santiago, Chile. FAU - Audy, Ondrej AU - Audy O AD - Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. FAU - Kohoutek, Jiri AU - Kohoutek J AD - Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. FAU - Pribylova, Petra AU - Pribylova P AD - Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. FAU - Poblete-Morales, Matias AU - Poblete-Morales M AD - Universidad Andres Bello, Laboratorio de Patologia de Organismos Acuaticos y Biotecnologia Acuicola, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Quillota # 980, 2520000, Vina Del Mar, Chile. FAU - Avendano-Herrera, Ruben AU - Avendano-Herrera R AD - Universidad Andres Bello, Laboratorio de Patologia de Organismos Acuaticos y Biotecnologia Acuicola, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Quillota # 980, 2520000, Vina Del Mar, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 2520000, Vina Del Mar, Chile. FAU - Bergami, Elisa AU - Bergami E AD - Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy. FAU - Pozo, Karla AU - Pozo K AD - Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Universidad San Sebastian, Lientur #1457, Concepcion, Chile. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20201014 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Res JT - Environmental research JID - 0147621 RN - 0 (Dust) RN - 0 (Flame Retardants) RN - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers) SB - IM MH - *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis MH - Antarctic Regions MH - Chile MH - Dust/analysis MH - Environmental Exposure/analysis MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - *Flame Retardants/analysis MH - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis MH - Humans MH - Spain MH - United Kingdom OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antarctic research facilities OT - DPs OT - Dust OT - HBCDs OT - Novel FRs OT - PBDEs EDAT- 2020/10/18 06:00 MHDA- 2021/06/04 06:00 CRDT- 2020/10/17 20:07 PHST- 2020/07/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/10/08 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/10/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/10/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/06/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/17 20:07 [entrez] AID - S0013-9351(20)31241-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110344 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Res. 2021 May;196:110344. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110344. Epub 2020 Oct 14.