PMID- 33099312 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210629 LR - 20210629 IS - 1743-8977 (Electronic) IS - 1743-8977 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 1 DP - 2020 Oct 24 TI - Nanopolystyrene translocation and fetal deposition after acute lung exposure during late-stage pregnancy. PG - 55 LID - 10.1186/s12989-020-00385-9 [doi] LID - 55 AB - BACKGROUND: Plastic is everywhere. It is used in food packaging, storage containers, electronics, furniture, clothing, and common single-use disposable items. Microplastic and nanoplastic particulates are formed from bulk fragmentation and disintegration of plastic pollution. Plastic particulates have recently been detected in indoor air and remote atmospheric fallout. Due to their small size, microplastic and nanoplastic particulate in the atmosphere can be inhaled and may pose a risk for human health, specifically in susceptible populations. When inhaled, nanosized particles have been shown to translocate across pulmonary cell barriers to secondary organs, including the placenta. However, the potential for maternal-to-fetal translocation of nanosized-plastic particles and the impact of nanoplastic deposition or accumulation on fetal health remain unknown. In this study we investigated whether nanopolystyrene particles can cross the placental barrier and deposit in fetal tissues after maternal pulmonary exposure. RESULTS: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 20 nm rhodamine-labeled nanopolystyrene beads (2.64 x 10(14) particles) via intratracheal instillation on gestational day (GD) 19. Twenty-four hours later on GD 20, maternal and fetal tissues were evaluated using fluorescent optical imaging. Fetal tissues were fixed for particle visualization with hyperspectral microscopy. Using isolated placental perfusion, a known concentration of nanopolystyrene was injected into the uterine artery. Maternal and fetal effluents were collected for 180 min and assessed for polystyrene particle concentration. Twenty-four hours after maternal exposure, fetal and placental weights were significantly lower (7 and 8%, respectively) compared with controls. Nanopolystyrene particles were detected in the maternal lung, heart, and spleen. Polystyrene nanoparticles were also observed in the placenta, fetal liver, lungs, heart, kidney, and brain suggesting maternal lung-to-fetal tissue nanoparticle translocation in late stage pregnancy. CONCLUSION: These studies confirm that maternal pulmonary exposure to nanopolystyrene results in the translocation of plastic particles to placental and fetal tissues and renders the fetoplacental unit vulnerable to adverse effects. These data are vital to the understanding of plastic particulate toxicology and the developmental origins of health and disease. FAU - Fournier, Sara B AU - Fournier SB AD - Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. FAU - D'Errico, Jeanine N AU - D'Errico JN AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. FAU - Adler, Derek S AU - Adler DS AD - Molecular Imaging Center, Rutgers University, 41 Gordon Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. FAU - Kollontzi, Stamatina AU - Kollontzi S AD - Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. FAU - Goedken, Michael J AU - Goedken MJ AD - Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. FAU - Fabris, Laura AU - Fabris L AD - Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. FAU - Yurkow, Edward J AU - Yurkow EJ AD - Molecular Imaging Center, Rutgers University, 41 Gordon Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. FAU - Stapleton, Phoebe A AU - Stapleton PA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3049-4868 AD - Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. stapleton@eohsi.rutgers.edu. AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. stapleton@eohsi.rutgers.edu. LA - eng GR - T32 ES007148/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 ES005022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States GR - P30-ES005022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States GR - R00 ES024783/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States GR - R00-ES024783/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States GR - T32-ES007148/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20201024 PL - England TA - Part Fibre Toxicol JT - Particle and fibre toxicology JID - 101236354 RN - 0 (Plastics) RN - 0 (Polystyrenes) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Female MH - Fetus MH - Humans MH - Inhalation Exposure MH - Maternal Exposure MH - Maternal-Fetal Exchange MH - Particle Size MH - Placenta MH - Plastics MH - Polystyrenes/metabolism/*toxicity MH - Pregnancy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley PMC - PMC7585297 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Fetal OT - Maternal OT - Nanoplastics OT - Perfusion OT - Polystyrene OT - Pregnancy OT - Translocation COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2020/10/26 06:00 MHDA- 2021/06/30 06:00 PMCR- 2020/10/24 CRDT- 2020/10/25 20:10 PHST- 2020/07/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/10/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/10/25 20:10 [entrez] PHST- 2020/10/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/06/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12989-020-00385-9 [pii] AID - 385 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12989-020-00385-9 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Part Fibre Toxicol. 2020 Oct 24;17(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12989-020-00385-9.