PMID- 33114186 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210121 LR - 20221211 IS - 1660-4601 (Electronic) IS - 1661-7827 (Print) IS - 1660-4601 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 21 DP - 2020 Oct 23 TI - Effects of Post-Exercise Whey Protein Consumption on Recovery Indices in Adolescent Swimmers. LID - 10.3390/ijerph17217761 [doi] LID - 7761 AB - Purpose: This study examined the effect of whey protein consumption following high-intensity interval swimming (HIIS) on muscle damage, inflammatory cytokines and performance in adolescent swimmers. Methods: Fifty-four swimmers (11-17 years-old) were stratified by age, sex and body mass to a whey protein (PRO), isoenergetic carbohydrate (CHO) or a water/placebo (H(2)O) group. Following baseline blood samples (06:00 h) and a standardised breakfast, participants performed a maximal 200 m swim, followed by HIIS. A total of two post-exercise boluses were consumed following HIIS and ~5 h post-baseline. Blood and 200 m performance measurements were repeated at 5 h, 8 h and 24 h from baseline. Muscle soreness was assessed at 24 h. Creatine kinase (CK), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in plasma. Results: No difference in 200 m swim performance was observed between groups. CK activity was elevated at 5 h compared to baseline and 24 h and at 8 h compared to all other timepoints, with no differences between groups. Muscle soreness was lower in PRO compared to H(2)O (p = 0.04). Anti-inflammatory IL-10 increased at 8 h in PRO, while it decreased in CHO and H(2)O. Conclusions: Post-exercise consumption of whey protein appears to have no additional benefit on recovery indices following HIIS compared to isoenergetic amounts of carbohydrate in adolescent swimmers. However, it may assist with the acute-inflammatory response. FAU - McKinlay, Brandon J AU - McKinlay BJ AD - Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. FAU - Theocharidis, Alexandros AU - Theocharidis A AD - Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. FAU - Adebero, Tony AU - Adebero T AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8246-1913 AD - Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. FAU - Kurgan, Nigel AU - Kurgan N AD - Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. FAU - Fajardo, Val A AU - Fajardo VA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4500-3347 AD - Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. AD - Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. FAU - Roy, Brian D AU - Roy BD AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4638-5586 AD - Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. AD - Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. FAU - Josse, Andrea R AU - Josse AR AD - Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. AD - School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. FAU - M Logan-Sprenger, Heather AU - M Logan-Sprenger H AD - Canadian Sport Institute Ontario, 857 Morningside Avenue, Toronto, ON M1C 0C7, Canada. AD - Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada. FAU - Falk, Bareket AU - Falk B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7105-0185 AD - Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. AD - Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. FAU - Klentrou, Panagiota AU - Klentrou P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0328-5198 AD - Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. AD - Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20201023 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Environ Res Public Health JT - International journal of environmental research and public health JID - 101238455 RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates) RN - 0 (Whey Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase) SB - IM EIN - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 06;19(23):. PMID: 36498451 MH - Adolescent MH - Athletes MH - Child MH - Creatine Kinase/blood MH - Cytokines/blood MH - Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Muscle, Skeletal MH - Myalgia/*prevention & control MH - *Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MH - *Swimming MH - Whey Proteins/*administration & dosage PMC - PMC7660601 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cytokines OT - high-intensity interval swimming OT - inflammation OT - muscle damage OT - muscle soreness OT - swimming performance OT - youth athletes COIS- The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. EDAT- 2020/10/30 06:00 MHDA- 2021/01/22 06:00 PMCR- 2020/10/23 CRDT- 2020/10/29 01:02 PHST- 2020/09/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/10/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/10/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/10/29 01:02 [entrez] PHST- 2020/10/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/01/22 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijerph17217761 [pii] AID - ijerph-17-07761 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijerph17217761 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 23;17(21):7761. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217761.