PMID- 33129460
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210325
LR  - 20210325
IS  - 1878-1470 (Electronic)
IS  - 1568-9883 (Linking)
VI  - 98
DP  - 2020 Sep
TI  - The 5S rRNA genes in Alexandrium: their use as a FISH chromosomal marker in 
      studies of the diversity, cell cycle and sexuality of dinoflagellates.
PG  - 101903
LID - S1568-9883(20)30182-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101903 [doi]
AB  - Chromosomal markers of the diversity and evolution of dinoflagellates are scarce 
      because the genomes of these organisms are unique among eukaryotes in terms of 
      their base composition and chromosomal structure. Similarly, a lack of 
      appropriate tools has hindered studies of the chromosomal localization of 5S 
      ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in the nucleosome-less chromosomes of dinoflagellates. In 
      this study, we isolated and cloned 5S rDNA sequences from various toxin-producing 
      species of the genus Alexandrium and developed a fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH) probe that allows their chromosomal localization. Our 
      results can be summarized as follows: 1) The 5S rDNA unit is composed of a highly 
      conserved 122-bp coding region and an intergenic spacer (IGS), the length and 
      sequence of which are variable even within strains. 2) Three different IGS types, 
      one containing the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene, were found among four of 
      the studied species (A. minutum, A. tamarense, A. catenella and A. pacificum). 3) 
      In all strains investigated by FISH (A. minutum, A. tamarense, A. pacificum, A. 
      catenella, A. andersonii and A. ostenfeldii), 5S rDNA gene arrays were separate 
      from the nucleolar organizer region, which contains the genes for the large 45S 
      pre-ribosomal RNA. 4) One to three 5S rDNA sites per haploid genome were 
      detected, depending on the strains/species. Intraspecific variability in the 
      number of 5S rDNA sites was determined among strains of A. minutum and A. 
      pacificum. 5) 5S rDNA is a useful chromosomal marker of mitosis progression and 
      can be employed to differentiate vegetative (haploid) vs. planozygotes (diploid) 
      cells. Thus, the FISH probe (oligo-Dino5Smix5) developed in this study 
      facilitates analyses of the diversity, cell cycle and life stages of the genus 
      Alexandrium.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - de Bustos, Alfredo
AU  - de Bustos A
AD  - Universidad de Alcala (UAH), Dpto Biomedicina y Biotecnologia, 28805 Alcala de 
      Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: alfredo.bustos@uah.es.
FAU - Figueroa, Rosa I
AU  - Figueroa RI
AD  - Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, 
      Spain. Electronic address: rosa.figueroa@ieo.es.
FAU - Sixto, Marta
AU  - Sixto M
AD  - Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, 
      Spain; Campus do Mar, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, 36311 
      Vigo, Spain. Electronic address: marta.sixto@ieo.es.
FAU - Bravo, Isabel
AU  - Bravo I
AD  - Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, 
      Spain. Electronic address: isabel.bravo@ieo.es.
FAU - Cuadrado, Angeles
AU  - Cuadrado A
AD  - Universidad de Alcala (UAH), Dpto Biomedicina y Biotecnologia, 28805 Alcala de 
      Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: angeles.cuadrado@uah.es.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200916
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Harmful Algae
JT  - Harmful algae
JID - 101128968
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 5S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cell Cycle
MH  - Chromosomes
MH  - *Dinoflagellida/genetics
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Genes, rRNA
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - *RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/genetics
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 5S rDNA
OT  - Alexandrium
OT  - Dinomitosis
OT  - FISH
OT  - Life cycle
OT  - Planozygotes
EDAT- 2020/11/02 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/26 06:00
CRDT- 2020/11/01 20:25
PHST- 2020/05/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/09/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/01 20:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1568-9883(20)30182-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101903 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Harmful Algae. 2020 Sep;98:101903. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101903. Epub 2020 Sep 
      16.