PMID- 33134395
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201105
LR  - 20231112
IS  - 2314-6753 (Electronic)
IS  - 2314-6745 (Print)
VI  - 2020
DP  - 2020
TI  - Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Evolution of Diabetes in Malaria-Endemic 
      African Region.
PG  - 8205261
LID - 10.1155/2020/8205261 [doi]
LID - 8205261
AB  - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to cause havoc to many 
      countries of the globe, with no end in sight, due to nonavailability of a given 
      vaccine or treatment regimen. The pandemic has so far had a relatively limited 
      impact on the African continent, which contributes more than 93% of global 
      malaria burden. However, the limited burden of COVID-19 pandemic on the African 
      region could have long-term implications on the health and wellbeing of affected 
      inhabitants due to its malaria-endemic status. Malaria causes recurrent insulin 
      resistance with episodes of infection at relatively low parasitaemia. 
      Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is widely distributed in the human 
      body is implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria, type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      (T2DM), and COVID-19. Use of ACE2 by the COVID-19 virus induces inflammation and 
      oxidative stress, which can lead to insulin resistance. Although COVID-19 
      patients in malaria-endemic African region may not exhibit severe signs and 
      symptoms of the disease, their risk of exhibiting heightened insulin resistance 
      and possible future development of T2DM is high due to their prior exposure to 
      malaria. African governments must double efforts at containing the continued 
      spread of the virus without neglecting existing malarial control measures if the 
      region is to avert the plausible long-term impact of the pandemic in terms of 
      future development of T2DM.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Samuel Acquah.
FAU - Acquah, Samuel
AU  - Acquah S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2869-0643
AD  - Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health 
      and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201008
PL  - England
TA  - J Diabetes Res
JT  - Journal of diabetes research
JID - 101605237
RN  - 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors)
RN  - EC 3.4.15.1 (Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A)
RN  - EC 3.4.17.23 (ACE2 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.4.17.23 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Africa/epidemiology
MH  - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
MH  - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
MH  - Betacoronavirus/physiology
MH  - COVID-19
MH  - Coronavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/*epidemiology/*pathology
MH  - Disease Progression
MH  - *Endemic Diseases
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance/physiology
MH  - Malaria/complications/*epidemiology
MH  - Pandemics
MH  - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/physiology
MH  - Pneumonia, Viral/complications/*epidemiology
MH  - Prediabetic State/epidemiology/pathology/virology
MH  - Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects/physiology
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
PMC - PMC7568783
COIS- No conflict of interest exists between the authors.
EDAT- 2020/11/03 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/06 06:00
PMCR- 2020/10/08
CRDT- 2020/11/02 06:21
PHST- 2020/06/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/08/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/09/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/02 06:21 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2020/8205261 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Diabetes Res. 2020 Oct 8;2020:8205261. doi: 10.1155/2020/8205261. eCollection 
      2020.