PMID- 33137704
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210421
LR  - 20210421
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 146
DP  - 2021 Jan
TI  - Probabilistic modelling of nanobiomaterial release from medical applications into 
      the environment.
PG  - 106184
LID - S0160-4120(20)32139-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106184 [doi]
AB  - Nanobiomaterials (NBMs) are currently being tested in numerous biomedical 
      applications, and their use is expected to grow rapidly in the near future. Many 
      different types of nanomaterials are employed for a wide variety of different 
      applications. Silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) have been investigated for their 
      antibacterial, antifungal, and osteoinductive properties to be used in catheters, 
      wound healing, dental applications, and bone healing. Polymeric nanoparticles 
      such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are mainly studied for their ability 
      to deliver cancer drugs as the body metabolizes them into simple compounds. 
      However, most of these applications are still in the development stage and 
      unavailable on the market, meaning that information on possible consumption, 
      material flows, and concentrations in the environment is lacking. We thus modeled 
      a realistic scenario involving several nano-Ag and PLGA applications which are 
      already in use or likely to reach the market soon. We assumed their full market 
      penetration in Europe in order to explore the prospective flows of NBMs and their 
      environmental concentrations. The potential flows of three application-specific 
      composite materials were also examined for one precise application each: 
      Fe(3)O(4)PEG-PLGA used in drug delivery, MgHA-collagen used for bone tissue 
      engineering, and PLLA-Ag applied in wound healing. Mean annual consumption in 
      Europe, considering all realistic and probable applications of the respective 
      NBMs, was estimated to be 5,650 kg of nano-Ag and 48,000 kg of PLGA. Mean annual 
      consumption of the three application-specific materials under the full market 
      penetration scenario was estimated to be 4,000 kg of Fe(3)O(4)PEG-PLGA, 58 kg of 
      MgHA-collagen, and 24,300 kg of PLLA-Ag. A probabilistic material-flow model was 
      used to quantify flows of the NBMs studied from production, through use, and on 
      to end-of-life in the environment. The highest possible worst-case predicted 
      environmental concentration (wc-PEC) were found to occur in sewage sludge, with 
      0.2 microg/kg of nano-Ag, 400 microg/kg of PLGA, 33 microg/kg of Fe(3)O(4)PEG-PLGA, 
      0.007 microg/kg of MgHA-collagen, and 2.9 microg/kg of PLLA-Ag. PLGA exhibited the 
      highest concentration in all environmental compartments except natural and urban 
      soil, where nano-Ag showed the highest concentration. The results showed that the 
      distribution of NBMs into different environmental and technical compartments is 
      strongly dependent on their type of application.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hauser, Marina
AU  - Hauser M
AD  - Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 
      Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
FAU - Nowack, Bernd
AU  - Nowack B
AD  - Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 
      Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland. Electronic address: 
      nowack@empa.ch.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20201101
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 3M4G523W1G (Silver)
SB  - IM
MH  - Europe
MH  - *Metal Nanoparticles
MH  - *Nanostructures
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Silver
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Environmental releases
OT  - Exposure modeling
OT  - Material flow modeling
OT  - Nanobiomaterials
OT  - Nanomaterials
EDAT- 2020/11/03 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/22 06:00
CRDT- 2020/11/02 20:20
PHST- 2020/06/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/10/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/10/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/02 20:20 [entrez]
AID - S0160-4120(20)32139-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106184 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2021 Jan;146:106184. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106184. Epub 2020 
      Nov 1.