PMID- 33142512
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210331
LR  - 20210331
IS  - 1525-3171 (Electronic)
IS  - 0032-5791 (Print)
IS  - 0032-5791 (Linking)
VI  - 99
IP  - 11
DP  - 2020 Nov
TI  - High leucine levels affecting valine and isoleucine recommendations in 
      low-protein diets for broiler chickens.
PG  - 5946-5959
LID - S0032-5791(20)30600-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.053 [doi]
AB  - Four experiments were conducted to estimate the optimal standardized ileal 
      digestible (SID) level of branched-chain amino acids in low-protein diets during 
      the starter, grower, and finisher periods, using the response surface 
      methodology, and to study their effects on performance and mRNA expression of 
      genes involved in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of broiler 
      chickens from 8 to 21 D of age. In experiments 1, 2, and 3, a total of 1,500 Cobb 
      male broiler chickens were assigned to 15 diets of a central composite rotatable 
      design (CCD) of response surface methodology containing 5 levels of SID Leu, Val, 
      and Ile with 5 replicate pens of 20 birds each. A 3-factor, 5-level CCD platform 
      was used to fit the second-order polynomial equation of broiler performance. In 
      experiment 4, a total of 540 8-day-old Cobb male broiler chickens were 
      distributed in a completely randomized 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement with 2 SID 
      Leu levels (1.28 or 1.83%), 3 SID Val levels (0.65, 0.90, or 1.20%), and 3 SID 
      Ile levels (0.54, 0.79, or 1.09%) for a total of 18 treatments with 5 replicate 
      cages of 6 birds each. High Leu levels impaired (P < 0.05) gain:feed when birds 
      were fed marginal Val or Ile diets. However, gain:feed was restored when both Val 
      and Ile were supplemented to reach adequate or high levels. High Leu levels 
      increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of S6K1 and eEF2 genes only in birds fed 
      high Ile levels. Dietary SID Leu, Val, and Ile levels required for gain:feed 
      optimization in low-protein diets were estimated at 1.37, 0.94, and 0.87% during 
      the starter period; 1.23, 0.82, and 0.75% during the grower period; and 1.15, 
      0.77, and 0.70% during the finisher phase, respectively. Higher Val and Ile 
      levels are required to optimize the effect of Leu supplementation on mRNA 
      expression of mTOR pathway genes in the pectoralis major muscle of broilers from 
      day 1 to 21 after hatch.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Ospina-Rojas, I C
AU  - Ospina-Rojas IC
AD  - CJ Corporation, Av. Engenheiro Luis Carlos Berrini, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
FAU - Pozza, P C
AU  - Pozza PC
AD  - Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
FAU - Rodrigueiro, R J B
AU  - Rodrigueiro RJB
AD  - CJ Corporation, Av. Engenheiro Luis Carlos Berrini, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
FAU - Gasparino, E
AU  - Gasparino E
AD  - Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
FAU - Khatlab, A S
AU  - Khatlab AS
AD  - Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
FAU - Murakami, A E
AU  - Murakami AE
AD  - Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil. 
      Electronic address: aemurakami@uem.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200905
PL  - England
TA  - Poult Sci
JT  - Poultry science
JID - 0401150
RN  - 04Y7590D77 (Isoleucine)
RN  - GMW67QNF9C (Leucine)
RN  - HG18B9YRS7 (Valine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Feed/analysis
MH  - *Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Chickens/genetics
MH  - *Diet, Protein-Restricted/veterinary
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Growth/drug effects
MH  - *Isoleucine/administration & dosage
MH  - *Leucine/pharmacology
MH  - Male
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - *Valine/administration & dosage
PMC - PMC7647919
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - branched-chain amino acid
OT  - broiler chicken
OT  - gene expression
OT  - performance
OT  - response surface methodology
EDAT- 2020/11/05 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/01 06:00
PMCR- 2020/09/05
CRDT- 2020/11/04 01:01
PHST- 2020/04/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/08/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/04 01:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0032-5791(20)30600-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.053 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Poult Sci. 2020 Nov;99(11):5946-5959. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.053. Epub 2020 
      Sep 5.