PMID- 33154723
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240212
IS  - 1663-9812 (Print)
IS  - 1663-9812 (Electronic)
IS  - 1663-9812 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Assessment of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Safety Profiles: A Systematic 
      Review and Meta-Analysis.
PG  - 562777
LID - 10.3389/fphar.2020.562777 [doi]
LID - 562777
AB  - BACKGROUND: Chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have 
      recently emerged as potential antiviral and immunomodulatory options for the 
      treatment of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To examine the safety profiles 
      of these medications, we systematically evaluated the adverse events (AEs) of 
      these medications from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: We 
      systematically searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, the Cochrane Central 
      Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the ClinicalTrials.gov for all the 
      RCTs comparing CQ or HCQ with placebo or other active agents, published before 
      June 20, 2020. The random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to pool the 
      risk estimates relative ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the 
      outcomes. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 23 and 19 studies for CQ and 
      HCQ, respectively, that satisfied our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, we 
      performed meta-analysis on 6 studies for CQ and 18 studies for HCQ. We did not 
      limit our analysis to published records involving viral treatment alone; data 
      also included the usage of either CQ or HCQ for the treatment of other diseases. 
      The trials for the CQ consisted of a total of 2,137 participants (n = 1,077 CQ, n 
      = 1,060 placebo), while the trials for HCQ involved 2,675 participants (n = 1,345 
      HCQ and n = 1,330 control). The overall mild and total AEs were significantly 
      higher in CQ-treated non-COVID-19 patients, HCQ-treated non-COVID-19 patients, 
      and HCQ-treated COVID-19 patients. The AEs were further categorized into four 
      groups and analyses revealed that neurologic, gastrointestinal (GI), 
      dermatologic, and sensory AEs were higher in participants taking CQ compared to 
      placebo, while GI, dermatologic, sensory, and cardiovascular AEs were higher in 
      HCQ-treated COVID-19 patients compared to control patients. Moreover, subgroup 
      analysis suggested higher AEs with respect to dosage and duration in HCQ group. 
      Data were acquired from studies with perceived low risk of bias, so plausible 
      bias is unlikely to seriously affect the main findings of the current study. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, we found that participants taking either CQ or HCQ 
      exhibited more AEs than participants taking placebo or control. Precautionary 
      measures should be taken when using these drugs to treat COVID-19. The 
      meta-analysis was registered on OSF (https://osf.io/jm3d9). REGISTRATION: The 
      meta-analysis was registered on OSF (https://osf.io/jm3d9).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Ren, Xu, Overton, Yu, Chiamvimonvat and Thai.
FAU - Ren, Lu
AU  - Ren L
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of California, Davis, 
      Davis, CA, United States.
FAU - Xu, Wilson
AU  - Xu W
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of California, Davis, 
      Davis, CA, United States.
FAU - Overton, James L
AU  - Overton JL
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of California, Davis, 
      Davis, CA, United States.
FAU - Yu, Shandong
AU  - Yu S
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Chiamvimonvat, Nipavan
AU  - Chiamvimonvat N
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of California, Davis, 
      Davis, CA, United States.
AD  - Department of Veteran Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, 
      CA, United States.
FAU - Thai, Phung N
AU  - Thai PN
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of California, Davis, 
      Davis, CA, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HL085727/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - I01 CX001490/CX/CSRD VA/United States
GR  - R01 HL137228/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - I01 BX000576/BX/BLRD VA/United States
GR  - R01 HL085844/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - F32 HL149288/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20201014
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Pharmacol
JT  - Frontiers in pharmacology
JID - 101548923
UOF - medRxiv. 2020 May 08;:. PMID: 32511539
PMC - PMC7591721
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - adverse events
OT  - chloroquine
OT  - hydroxychloroquine
OT  - meta-analysis
OT  - safety profiles
EDAT- 2020/11/07 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/07 06:01
PMCR- 2020/10/14
CRDT- 2020/11/06 05:59
PHST- 2020/05/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/06 05:59 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphar.2020.562777 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Pharmacol. 2020 Oct 14;11:562777. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.562777. 
      eCollection 2020.