PMID- 33171870
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210525
LR  - 20210525
IS  - 1660-3397 (Electronic)
IS  - 1660-3397 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 11
DP  - 2020 Nov 7
TI  - Spirulina maxima Derived Pectin Nanoparticles Enhance the Immunomodulation, 
      Stress Tolerance, and Wound Healing in Zebrafish.
LID - 10.3390/md18110556 [doi]
LID - 556
AB  - In this study, Spirulina maxima derived pectin nanoparticles (SmPNPs) were 
      synthesized and multiple biological effects were investigated using in vitro and 
      in vivo models. SmPNPs were not toxic to Raw 264.7 cells and zebrafish embryos up 
      to 1 mg/mL and 200 microg/mL, respectively. SmPNPs upregulated Il 10, Cat, Sod 2, Def 
      1, Def 2, and Muc 1 in Raw 264.7 cells and tlr2, tlr4b, tlr5b, il1beta, tnfalpha, 
      cxcl8a, cxcl18b, ccl34a.4, ccl34b.4, muc5.1, muc5.2, muc5.3, hamp, cstd, hsp70, 
      cat, and sod1 in the larvae and adult zebrafish, suggesting immunomodulatory 
      activity. Exposure of larvae to SmPNPs followed by challenge with pathogenic 
      bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila resulted a two-fold reduction of reactive oxygen 
      species, indicating reduced oxidative stress compared to that in the control 
      group. The cumulative percent survival of larvae exposed to SmPNPs (50 microg/mL) and 
      adults fed diet supplemented with SmPNPs (4%) was 53.3% and 76.7%, respectively. 
      Topical application of SmPNPs on adult zebrafish showed a higher wound healing 
      percentage (48.9%) compared to that in the vehicle treated group (38.8%). 
      Upregulated wound healing markers (tgfbeta1, timp2b, mmp9, tnfalpha, il1beta,ccl34a.4, and 
      ccl34b.4), enhanced wound closure, and restored pigmentation indicated wound 
      healing properties of SmPNPs. Overall, results uncover the multiple bioactivities 
      of SmPNPs, which could be a promising biocompatible candidate for broad range of 
      aquatic and human therapies.
FAU - Rajapaksha, Dinusha C
AU  - Rajapaksha DC
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 
      34134, Korea.
FAU - Edirisinghe, Shan L
AU  - Edirisinghe SL
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 
      34134, Korea.
FAU - Nikapitiya, Chamilani
AU  - Nikapitiya C
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 
      34134, Korea.
FAU - Dananjaya, Shs
AU  - Dananjaya S
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 
      34134, Korea.
FAU - Kwun, Hyo-Jung
AU  - Kwun HJ
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 
      34134, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Cheol-Hee
AU  - Kim CH
AD  - Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, 
      Korea.
FAU - Oh, Chulhong
AU  - Oh C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9283-3258
AD  - Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology 
      (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63349, Korea.
AD  - Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju 
      Special Self-Governing Province 63349, Korea.
FAU - Kang, Do-Hyung
AU  - Kang DH
AD  - Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology 
      (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63349, Korea.
AD  - Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju 
      Special Self-Governing Province 63349, Korea.
FAU - De Zoysa, Mahanama
AU  - De Zoysa M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2814-659X
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 
      34134, Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - PE99621 and PE99722/Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology/
GR  - 2018R1A2B6007841v/National Research Foundation of Korea/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201107
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Mar Drugs
JT  - Marine drugs
JID - 101213729
RN  - 0 (Immunologic Factors)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (Zebrafish Proteins)
RN  - 89NA02M4RX (Pectins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aeromonas hydrophila/pathogenicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Immunologic Factors/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - Mice
MH  - *Nanoparticles
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects
MH  - Pectins/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - RAW 264.7 Cells/*drug effects/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - Spirulina/*metabolism
MH  - Transcriptome
MH  - Wound Healing/*drug effects
MH  - *Zebrafish/embryology/genetics/immunology/microbiology
MH  - Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/metabolism
PMC - PMC7695216
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aeromonas hydrophila
OT  - Spirulina maxima
OT  - immunomodulation
OT  - pectin nanoparticles
OT  - stress tolerance
OT  - wound healing
OT  - zebrafish
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/11/12 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/26 06:00
PMCR- 2020/11/01
CRDT- 2020/11/11 01:02
PHST- 2020/09/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/10/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/11 01:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - md18110556 [pii]
AID - marinedrugs-18-00556 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/md18110556 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Mar Drugs. 2020 Nov 7;18(11):556. doi: 10.3390/md18110556.