PMID- 33187518
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210902
LR  - 20231112
IS  - 1550-2783 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-2783 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Nov 13
TI  - Understanding the effects of beetroot juice intake on CrossFit performance by 
      assessing hormonal, metabolic and mechanical response: a randomized, 
      double-blind, crossover design.
PG  - 56
LID - 10.1186/s12970-020-00388-z [doi]
LID - 56
AB  - BACKGROUND: Acute beetroot juice (BJ) intake has shown to enhance aerobic and 
      anaerobic performance. However, no studies have evaluated the effects of BJ 
      intake on CrossFit (CF) performance by linking hormonal, metabolic, and 
      mechanical responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the causal 
      physiological association between hormonal, metabolic and mechanical responses, 
      and CF workouts performance after acute BJ intake. METHODS: Twelve well-trained 
      male practitioners undertook a CF workout after drinking 140 mL of BJ 
      (~ 12.8 mmol NO(3)(-)) or placebo. The two experimental conditions (BJ or 
      placebo) were administered using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. 
      The CF workout consisted of repeating the same exercise routine twice: Wall ball 
      (WB) shots plus full back squat (FBS) with 3-min rest (1st routine) or without 
      rest (2nd routine) between the two exercises. A 3-min rest was established 
      between the two exercise routines. RESULTS: An interaction effect was observed in 
      the number of repetitions performed (p = 0.04). The Bonferroni test determined a 
      higher number of repetitions after BJ than placebo intake when a 3-min rest 
      between WB and FBS (1st routine) was established (p = 0.007). An interaction 
      effect was detected in cortisol response (p = 0.04). Cortisol showed a higher 
      increase after BJ compared to placebo intake (76% vs. 36%, respectively). No 
      interaction effect was observed in the testosterone and testosterone/cortisol 
      ratio (p > 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found in oxygen saturation 
      (p = 0.01). A greater oxygen saturation drop was observed in BJ compared to 
      placebo (p <  0.05). An interaction effect was verified in muscular fatigue 
      (p = 0.03) with a higher muscular fatigue being observed with BJ than placebo 
      (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: BJ intake improved anaerobic performance only after the 
      recovery time between exercises. This increase in performance in the first 
      routine probably generated greater hypoxia in the muscle mass involved, possibly 
      conditioning post-exercise performance. This was observed with a fall in oxygen 
      saturation and in muscle fatigue measured at the end of the CF workout. The 
      greatest perceived changes in cortisol levels after BJ intake could be attributed 
      to the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway.
FAU - Garnacho-Castano, Manuel Vicente
AU  - Garnacho-Castano MV
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3180-4629
AD  - GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest 
      Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataro, 08302, Barcelona, Spain. 
      mgarnacho@escs.tecnocampus.cat.
FAU - Palau-Salva, Guillem
AU  - Palau-Salva G
AD  - GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest 
      Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataro, 08302, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Serra-Paya, Noemi
AU  - Serra-Paya N
AD  - GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest 
      Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataro, 08302, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Ruiz-Hermosel, Mario
AU  - Ruiz-Hermosel M
AD  - GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest 
      Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataro, 08302, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Berbell, Marina
AU  - Berbell M
AD  - GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest 
      Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataro, 08302, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Vinals, Xavier
AU  - Vinals X
AD  - GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest 
      Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataro, 08302, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Bataller, Manuel Gomis
AU  - Bataller MG
AD  - GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest 
      Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataro, 08302, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Carbonell, Teresa
AU  - Carbonell T
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, 
      Avda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Vilches-Saez, Sergio
AU  - Vilches-Saez S
AD  - GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest 
      Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataro, 08302, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Cobo, Eulogio Pleguezuelos
AU  - Cobo EP
AD  - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Mataro, Mataro, 
      Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Molina-Raya, Lorena
AU  - Molina-Raya L
AD  - Campus Docent Sant Joan de Deu. Fundacion Privada, Barcelona, Spain.
LA  - eng
GR  - 56/2019/Fundacion Tecnocampus-Mataro/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20201113
PL  - United States
TA  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr
JT  - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
JID - 101234168
RN  - 0 (Nitrates)
RN  - 0 (Nitrites)
RN  - 0 (Placebos)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - S88TT14065 (Oxygen)
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - *Beta vulgaris
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - *Fruit and Vegetable Juices
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocortisone/*blood
MH  - Lactic Acid/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Movement/physiology
MH  - Muscle Fatigue/physiology
MH  - Nitrates/metabolism
MH  - Nitric Oxide/metabolism
MH  - Nitrites/metabolism
MH  - Oxygen/*blood
MH  - Physical Conditioning, Human/methods/physiology
MH  - Placebos/pharmacology
MH  - Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Testosterone/*blood
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC7666517
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anaerobic performance
OT  - Cortisol
OT  - Countermovement jump
OT  - Lactate
OT  - Muscular fatigue
OT  - Oxygen saturation
OT  - Testosterone
OT  - Testosterone/cortisol ratio
OT  - Workouts of the day
COIS- The authors have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/11/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/03 06:00
PMCR- 2020/11/13
CRDT- 2020/11/14 05:18
PHST- 2020/07/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/14 05:18 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-020-00388-z [pii]
AID - 388 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-020-00388-z [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2020 Nov 13;17(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00388-z.