PMID- 33202462
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201119
LR  - 20220531
IS  - 1439-3999 (Electronic)
IS  - 0023-2165 (Linking)
VI  - 237
IP  - 11
DP  - 2020 Nov
TI  - [Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Optic 
      Neuritis: Diagnosis and Treatment].
PG  - 1290-1305
LID - 10.1055/a-1219-7907 [doi]
AB  - Optic neuritis (ON) is a frequent manifestation of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) 
      antibody-mediated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin 
      oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM; also 
      termed MOG antibody-associated disorders, MOGAD). The past few years have seen 
      major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of these two relatively new 
      entities: international diagnostic criteria for NMOSD and MOG-EM have been 
      proposed, improved antibody assays developed, and consensus recommendations on 
      the indications and methodology of serological testing published. Very recently, 
      the results of four phase III trials assessing new treatment options for NMOSD 
      have been presented. With eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting complement 
      factor C5, for the first time a relapse-preventing long-term treatment for NMOSD 
      - which has so far mostly been treated off-label with rituximab, azathioprine, 
      and other immunosuppressants - has been approved. Data from recent retrospective 
      studies evaluating treatment responses in MOG-ON suggest that rituximab and other 
      immunosuppressants are effective also in this entity. By contrast, many drugs 
      approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been found to be 
      either ineffective or to cause disease exacerbation (e.g., interferon-beta). Recent 
      studies have shown that not only NMOSD-ON but also MOG-ON usually follows a 
      relapsing course. If left untreated, both disorders can result in severe visual 
      deficiency or blindness, though MOG-ON seems to have a better prognosis overall. 
      Acute attacks are treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone and, in 
      many cases, plasma exchange (PEX) or immunoadsorption (IA). Early use of PEX/IA 
      may prevent persisting visual loss and improve the long-term outcome. Especially 
      MOG-ON has been found to be frequently associated with flare-ups, if steroids are 
      not tapered, and to underlie many cases of "chronic relapsing inflammatory optic 
      neuropathy" (CRION). Both NMOSD-ON and MOG-ON are often associated with 
      simultaneous or consecutive attacks of myelitis and brainstem encephalitis; in 
      contrast to earlier assumptions, supratentorial MRI brain lesions are a common 
      finding and do not preclude the diagnosis. In this article, we review the current 
      knowledge on the clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of 
      these two rare yet important differential diagnoses of both MS-associated ON und 
      idiopathic autoimmune ON.
CI  - Thieme. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wildemann, Brigitte
AU  - Wildemann B
AD  - Neurologische Klinik, Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg.
FAU - Horstmann, Solveig
AU  - Horstmann S
AD  - Neurologische Klinik, Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg.
FAU - Korporal-Kuhnke, Mirjam
AU  - Korporal-Kuhnke M
AD  - Neurologische Klinik, Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg.
FAU - Viehover, Andrea
AU  - Viehover A
AD  - Neurologische Klinik, Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg.
FAU - Jarius, Sven
AU  - Jarius S
AD  - Neurologische Klinik, Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg.
LA  - ger
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
TT  - Aquaporin-4- und Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikorper-assoziierte 
      Optikusneuritis: Diagnose und Therapie.
DEP - 20201117
PL  - Germany
TA  - Klin Monbl Augenheilkd
JT  - Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
JID - 0014133
RN  - 0 (Aquaporin 4)
RN  - 0 (Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Aquaporin 4
MH  - Humans
MH  - Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
MH  - *Neuromyelitis Optica/diagnosis
MH  - *Optic Neuritis/diagnosis/therapy
MH  - Retrospective Studies
COIS- B. Wildemann erhielt Forschungsunterstutzung durch das Bundesministerium fur 
      Bildung und Forschung (Klinisches Kompetenznetz Multiple Sklerose), die 
      Dietmar-Hopp-Stiftung und Merck Serono; ausserdem Forschungsunterstutzung durch 
      die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft und die Klaus-Tschira-Stiftung; 
      Forschungsunterstutzung und Honorare fur Vortragstatigkeiten und 
      Reiseunterstutzung von Merck Serono, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis; und Honorare fur 
      Vortragstatigkeiten und/oder Reiseunterstutzung von Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Teva. 
      S. Horstmann, S. Jarius, M. Korporal-Kuhnke und A. Viehover geben keine 
      Interessenkonflikte an.
EDAT- 2020/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/20 06:00
CRDT- 2020/11/17 20:09
PHST- 2020/11/17 20:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1055/a-1219-7907 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2020 Nov;237(11):1290-1305. doi: 10.1055/a-1219-7907. 
      Epub 2020 Nov 17.