PMID- 33207676
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210128
LR  - 20240330
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 22
DP  - 2020 Nov 16
TI  - A German Validation of Four Questionnaires Crucial to the Study of Time 
      Perception: BPS, CFC-14, SAQ, and MQT.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph17228477 [doi]
LID - 8477
AB  - We aimed to validate four established questionnaires related to time perception 
      in German (Consideration of Future Consequences-14 scale (CFC-14), Boredom 
      Proneness Scale (BPS), Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT), and 
      Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ)) using a back-translation method. Exploratory 
      factor analyses were conducted on the data of 273 German-speaking participants to 
      evaluate the factorial structures. Internal consistencies indicated good 
      reliability values of the questionnaires and the respective subscales, except for 
      the MQT. Intercorrelations between the questionnaires were examined to test their 
      external validities and gain additional insight into the associations among the 
      constructs. The consideration of future consequences was negatively linked to 
      boredom proneness, whereas interoceptive awareness of one's bodily sensations was 
      positively associated with boredom proneness. Additionally, interoceptive 
      awareness was linked to metacognitive beliefs about which factors influence time 
      perception. The results are discussed in regard to human time perception. 
      Conclusion: The validated German questionnaires can now be used in research 
      projects. Initial observations on how the questionnaires are related to each 
      other fit the current knowledge on how human time perception works, yielding the 
      first evidence for the external validity of the German versions of these 
      established questionnaires. For evidence of criterion validity, future studies 
      should more thoroughly investigate the external validities analyzing the 
      correlations with other validated measures.
FAU - Kubel, Sebastian L
AU  - Kubel SL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7072-9508
AD  - Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg im 
      Breisgau, Germany.
AD  - Department of Criminology, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security 
      and Law, 79100 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
FAU - Wittmann, Marc
AU  - Wittmann M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4483-7334
AD  - Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg im 
      Breisgau, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Validation Study
DEP - 20201116
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - *Boredom
MH  - Factor Analysis, Statistical
MH  - Germany
MH  - Humans
MH  - Psychometrics
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - *Surveys and Questionnaires/standards
MH  - *Time Perception
PMC - PMC7696851
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - boredom proneness
OT  - impulsivity
OT  - interoceptive awareness
OT  - metacognition
OT  - self-control
OT  - time perception
OT  - time perspective
OT  - validation
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/11/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/29 06:00
PMCR- 2020/11/01
CRDT- 2020/11/19 01:01
PHST- 2020/09/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/10/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/19 01:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph17228477 [pii]
AID - ijerph-17-08477 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph17228477 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 16;17(22):8477. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph17228477.