PMID- 33212866
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201201
IS  - 1424-8247 (Print)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 11
DP  - 2020 Nov 17
TI  - Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: 
      Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation.
LID - 10.3390/ph13110399 [doi]
LID - 399
AB  - The aim of the current research work was to prepare Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) 
      hydrogels by the free-radical polymerization technique. Various concentrations of 
      carbopol, acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were employed for the 
      fabrication of Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. Fourier-transform infrared 
      spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning 
      calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Powder X-ray 
      diffractometry (PXRD) studies were performed to know the structural arrangement, 
      thermal stability, physical appearance and amorphous network of developed 
      hydrogels. FTIR analysis revealed that carbopol reacted with acrylic acid during 
      the process of polymerization and confirmed the grafting of acrylic acid over the 
      backbone of carbopol. TGA and DSC studies showed that developed hydrogels were 
      thermally stable. Surface morphology was analyzed by SEM, which confirmed a 
      porous network of hydrogels. PXRD analysis indicated that crystallinity of the 
      drug was reduced by the amorphous network of hydrogels. Furthermore, swelling 
      studies for all developed hydrogels were performed at both media, i.e., pH 1.2 
      and 7.4, and higher swelling was exhibited at pH 7.4. Sol-gel analysis was 
      performed to evaluate the soluble unreacted part of the fabricated hydrogels. 
      Similarly, an in-vitro study was conducted for all hydrogel formulations at both 
      acidic (pH 1.2) and basic (pH 7.4) mediums, and a greater drug release was 
      observed at pH 7.4. Different kinetics such as zero-order, first-order, the 
      Higuchi model and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model were applied to know the mechanism 
      of release order of drugs from the hydrogels.
FAU - Suhail, Muhammad
AU  - Suhail M
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, 
      Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.
FAU - Wu, Pao-Chu
AU  - Wu PC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8852-0534
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, 
      Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 
      80708, Taiwan.
AD  - Drug development and value creation research center, Kaohsiung Medical 
      University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
FAU - Minhas, Muhammad Usman
AU  - Minhas MU
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7313-8500
AD  - College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
LA  - eng
GR  - MOST 109-2320-B-037-0025/National Science Council/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201117
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
JT  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101238453
PMC - PMC7698439
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - carbopol
OT  - diclofenac sodium
OT  - hydrogels
OT  - in-vitro study
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/11/21 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/21 06:01
PMCR- 2020/11/01
CRDT- 2020/11/20 01:01
PHST- 2020/10/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/20 01:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/21 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ph13110399 [pii]
AID - pharmaceuticals-13-00399 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ph13110399 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020 Nov 17;13(11):399. doi: 10.3390/ph13110399.