PMID- 33217898
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240330
IS  - 2309-608X (Electronic)
IS  - 2309-608X (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 4
DP  - 2020 Nov 18
TI  - Molecular Tools for Detection and Identification of Paracoccidioides Species: 
      Current Status and Future Perspectives.
LID - 10.3390/jof6040293 [doi]
LID - 293
AB  - Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a mycotic disease caused by the Paracoccidioides 
      species, a group of thermally dimorphic fungi that grow in mycelial form at 25  degrees C 
      and as budding yeasts when cultured at 37  degrees C or when parasitizing the host 
      tissues. PCM occurs in a large area of Latin America, and the most critical 
      regions of endemicity are in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. The clinical 
      diagnosis of PCM needs to be confirmed through laboratory tests. Although 
      classical laboratory techniques provide valuable information due to the presence 
      of pathognomonic forms of Paracoccidioides spp., nucleic acid-based diagnostics 
      gradually are replacing or complementing culture-based, biochemical, and 
      immunological assays in routine microbiology laboratory practice. Recently, 
      taxonomic changes driven by whole-genomic sequencing of Paracoccidioides have 
      highlighted the need to recognize species boundaries, which could better 
      ascertain Paracoccidioides taxonomy. In this scenario, classical laboratory 
      techniques do not have significant discriminatory power over cryptic agents. On 
      the other hand, several PCR-based methods can detect polymorphisms in 
      Paracoccidioides DNA and thus support species identification. This review is 
      focused on the recent achievements in molecular diagnostics of 
      paracoccidioidomycosis, including the main advantages and pitfalls related to 
      each technique. We discuss these breakthroughs in light of taxonomic changes in 
      the Paracoccidioides genus.
FAU - Pinheiro, Breno Goncalves
AU  - Pinheiro BG
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9134-0657
AD  - Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, 
      and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo 
      (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil.
FAU - Hahn, Rosane Christine
AU  - Hahn RC
AD  - Laboratory of Mycology/Research, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato 
      Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso 78060900, Brazil.
AD  - Federal University of Mato Grosso, Julio Muller University Hospital, Mato Grosso 
      78048902, Brazil.
FAU - Camargo, Zoilo Pires de
AU  - Camargo ZP
AD  - Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, 
      and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo 
      (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Discipline of infectious Diseases, Federal University of 
      Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil.
FAU - Rodrigues, Anderson Messias
AU  - Rodrigues AM
AD  - Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, 
      and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo 
      (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201118
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Fungi (Basel)
JT  - Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101671827
PMC - PMC7711936
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
OT  - Paracoccidioides lutzii
OT  - diagnosis
OT  - endemic mycosis
OT  - epidemiology
OT  - molecular diagnostics
OT  - paracoccidioidomycosis
OT  - systemic mycosis
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2020/11/22 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/22 06:01
PMCR- 2020/11/18
CRDT- 2020/11/21 01:00
PHST- 2020/10/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/21 01:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jof6040293 [pii]
AID - jof-06-00293 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/jof6040293 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Fungi (Basel). 2020 Nov 18;6(4):293. doi: 10.3390/jof6040293.