PMID- 33228747
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210803
LR  - 20210803
IS  - 1756-9966 (Electronic)
IS  - 0392-9078 (Print)
IS  - 0392-9078 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Nov 23
TI  - Dexosomes as a cell-free vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.
PG  - 258
LID - 10.1186/s13046-020-01781-x [doi]
LID - 258
AB  - Dendritic cells (DCs) secrete vast quantities of exosomes termed as dexosomes. 
      Dexosomes are symmetric nanoscale heat-stable vesicles that consist of a lipid 
      bilayer displaying a characteristic series of lipid and protein molecules. They 
      include tetraspanins and all established proteins for presenting antigenic 
      material such as the major histocompatibility complex class I/II (MHC I/II) and 
      CD1a, b, c, d proteins and CD86 costimulatory molecule. Dexosomes contribute to 
      antigen-specific cellular immune responses by incorporating the MHC proteins with 
      antigen molecules and transferring the antigen-MHC complexes and other associated 
      molecules to naive DCs. A variety of ex vivo and in vivo studies demonstrated 
      that antigen-loaded dexosomes were able to initiate potent antitumor immunity. 
      Human dexosomes can be easily prepared using monocyte-derived DCs isolated by 
      leukapheresis of peripheral blood and treated ex vivo by cytokines and other 
      factors. The feasibility of implementing dexosomes as therapeutic antitumor 
      vaccines has been verified in two phase I and one phase II clinical trials in 
      malignant melanoma and non small cell lung carcinoma patients. These studies 
      proved the safety of dexosome administration and showed that dexosome vaccines 
      have the capacity to trigger both the adaptive (T lymphocytes) and the innate 
      (natural killer cells) immune cell recalls. In the current review, we will focus 
      on the perspective of utilizing dexosome vaccines in the context of cancer 
      immunotherapy.
FAU - Nikfarjam, Sepideh
AU  - Nikfarjam S
AD  - Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
FAU - Rezaie, Jafar
AU  - Rezaie J
AD  - Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, 
      Urmia University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1138, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., 
      57147, Urmia, Iran.
FAU - Kashanchi, Fatah
AU  - Kashanchi F
AD  - School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason 
      University, Discovery Hall Room 182, 10900 University Blvd., VA, 20110, Manassas, 
      USA. fkashanc@gmu.edu.
FAU - Jafari, Reza
AU  - Jafari R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2036-9043
AD  - Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, 
      Urmia University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1138, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., 
      57147, Urmia, Iran. Jafari.reza@umsu.ac.ir.
AD  - Department of Immunology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of 
      Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Jafari.reza@umsu.ac.ir.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201123
PL  - England
TA  - J Exp Clin Cancer Res
JT  - Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR
JID - 8308647
RN  - 0 (Cancer Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Dendritic Cells/*immunology
MH  - Exosomes/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy/*methods
PMC - PMC7686678
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anti-cancer vaccine
OT  - Dendritic cell-derived exosome
OT  - Dexosome
OT  - Exosome
OT  - Extracellular vesicle
OT  - Immunotherapy
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2020/11/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/04 06:00
PMCR- 2020/11/23
CRDT- 2020/11/24 05:39
PHST- 2020/08/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/24 05:39 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s13046-020-01781-x [pii]
AID - 1781 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s13046-020-01781-x [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Nov 23;39(1):258. doi: 10.1186/s13046-020-01781-x.