PMID- 33243502
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210122
LR  - 20210122
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 761
DP  - 2021 Mar 20
TI  - N-nitrosoethylenethiourea formation at environmentally-relevant concentrations of 
      ethylenethiourea in a pooled groundwater sample.
PG  - 143300
LID - S0048-9697(20)36831-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143300 [doi]
AB  - N-nitroso compounds form from the interaction between nitrosatable precursors and 
      nitrite under acidic conditions. A majority of N-nitroso compounds tested show 
      evidence of carcinogenicity in animal models. Formation of N-nitroso compounds 
      may occur from exposure to precursors in drinking water, but the extent of 
      formation depends on a number of factors, including concentration of substrates, 
      presence of catalysts and inhibitors, and pH. The objective of this study was to 
      examine these factors in pesticide-associated N-nitroso (PANN) compound formation 
      in drinking water. In preliminary screening experiments, nine nitrosatable 
      pesticides and degradation products were individually reacted at 
      environmentally-relevant concentrations (</= 20 mug L(--1)) with sodium nitrite 
      (NaNO(2)) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in ultra-pure water. Only ethylenethiourea 
      (ETU) showed evidence of PANN compound formation in initial experiments and was 
      further tested for N-nitrosoethylenethiourea (N-ETU) formation in a pooled 
      groundwater sample (comprised of five tap water samples combined into one 
      homogenous sample) collected from an agricultural region of Prince Edward Island 
      in Canada, where nitrate contamination is a known concern. Evidence of N-ETU 
      formation in the groundwater sample was observed within 30 min at concentrations 
      7.5, 10, and 20 mug L(-1). Analysis of target compounds and semi-target PANN 
      compounds was performed using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled 
      with high resolution orbital ion trap mass spectrometry. These preliminary 
      experiments serve to inform about potential PANN compound formation in 
      groundwater. The results of this study suggest that ETU is capable of forming 
      potentially carcinogenic N-ETU in water containing nitrite/nitrate at trace 
      concentrations under acidic conditions. Thus, these findings suggest that N-ETU 
      formation may be a concern for individuals exposed to low concentrations of ETU 
      in groundwater.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sweeney, Crystal L
AU  - Sweeney CL
AD  - Health and Environments Research Centre (HERC) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 
      Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
FAU - Park, Yuri
AU  - Park Y
AD  - Centre for Water Resources Studies, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, 
      Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering 
      science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli, Finland.
FAU - Shea, Dreenan A
AU  - Shea DA
AD  - Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada.
FAU - Kim, Jong Sung
AU  - Kim JS
AD  - Health and Environments Research Centre (HERC) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 
      Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Community Health and 
      Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. 
      Electronic address: jskim@dal.ca.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201111
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Nitrosourea Compounds)
RN  - 24FOJ4N18S (Ethylenethiourea)
RN  - 3715-92-2 (N-nitrosoethylenethiourea)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Canada
MH  - *Ethylenethiourea
MH  - *Groundwater
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nitrosourea Compounds
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Groundwater
OT  - High-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS)
OT  - N-nitroso compounds
OT  - N-nitrosoethylenethiourea (N-ETU)
OT  - Pesticide-associated N-nitroso (PANN) compounds
OT  - Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/23 06:00
CRDT- 2020/11/27 05:36
PHST- 2020/07/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/10/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/10/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/27 05:36 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(20)36831-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143300 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 20;761:143300. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143300. 
      Epub 2020 Nov 11.