PMID- 33245250
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220801
LR  - 20220801
IS  - 2327-9109 (Electronic)
IS  - 2327-9095 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 Sep-Oct
TI  - The direct and indirect impact of trauma types and cumulative stressors and 
      traumas on executive functions.
PG  - 1078-1094
LID - 10.1080/23279095.2020.1848835 [doi]
AB  - The goal was to measure the effects of trauma types, cumulative trauma, 
      posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), existential annihilation anxiety (EAA), and 
      posttraumatic growth (PTG) on executive functions. The study sample consists of 
      1155 from Egypt and Kuwait. Measures included adults working memory deficits 
      (WMD) and inhibition deficits (ID), and cumulative stressors and traumas (CST) 
      and trauma types, PTSD, EAA, and PTG. We used Stepwise regression and PROCESS 
      macro to analyze the data. Results indicated that survival and cumulative traumas 
      have direct effects on a lower WMD and ID, attachment traumas and gender 
      discrimination by parents have direct impacts on higher WMD and ID, while 
      personal identity, status identity, secondary trauma, gender discrimination by 
      society, community violence do not have any direct effects on WMD or ID. All 
      traumas have indirect effects on higher WMD or/and ID via PTSD. Gender 
      discrimination by society, community violence, and CST has an additional indirect 
      higher impact on WMD and ID via EAA. There were indirect trajectories from 
      survival trauma, personal identity, status identity trauma, secondary trauma, 
      gender discrimination by society, and CST on lower WMD or/and ID via PTG. 
      Attachment trauma, gender discrimination by parents, perpetration traumas, and 
      community violence were not associated with PTG and its trajectories of lower WMD 
      or/and ID. We discussed the research and clinical implication for these results.
FAU - Kira, Ibrahim Aref
AU  - Kira IA
AD  - Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, USA.
AD  - Affiliate of the Center of Stress Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State, 
      University, Atlanta, GA.
FAU - Shuweikh, Hanaa
AU  - Shuweikh H
AD  - Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
FAU - Al-Huwailiah, Amthal
AU  - Al-Huwailiah A
AD  - Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
FAU - El-Wakeel, Sayed Ahmed
AU  - El-Wakeel SA
AD  - Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
FAU - Waheep, Nevein Nirouz
AU  - Waheep NN
AD  - Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
FAU - Ebada, Eman Ezzaat
AU  - Ebada EE
AD  - Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.
FAU - Ibrahim, El-Sheikh R
AU  - Ibrahim ER
AD  - Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201127
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Neuropsychol Adult
JT  - Applied neuropsychology. Adult
JID - 101584082
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anxiety Disorders
MH  - *Compassion Fatigue
MH  - Executive Function
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
MH  - Violence
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cumulative stressors and traumas
OT  - executive functions
OT  - inhibition deficits
OT  - trauma types
OT  - working memory deficits
EDAT- 2020/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/02 06:00
CRDT- 2020/11/27 12:07
PHST- 2020/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/27 12:07 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/23279095.2020.1848835 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2022 Sep-Oct;29(5):1078-1094. doi: 
      10.1080/23279095.2020.1848835. Epub 2020 Nov 27.