PMID- 33245481
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210413
LR  - 20210417
IS  - 1826-6983 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-8362 (Print)
IS  - 0033-8362 (Linking)
VI  - 126
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Apr
TI  - Complicated pyelonephritis associated with chronic renal stone disease.
PG  - 505-516
LID - 10.1007/s11547-020-01315-7 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: This article reviews imaging manifestations of complicated 
      pyelonephritis associated with chronic renal stones disease, in particular 
      xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) and emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), 
      as potential mimics of other renal diseases and malignances and provides helpful 
      tips and differentiating features that may alert the radiologist to suspect a 
      diagnosis of infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the 
      records from 6 adult patients (5 females and 1 male, mean age 72,3 years) with 
      diagnosis of XGP associated with chronic nephrolithiasis and 7 adult patients (6 
      females and 1 male, mean age 59,3 years) with diagnosis of EPN associated with 
      chronic nephrolithiasis from January 2010 to January 2020 was carried out. 
      Computed tomography urography (CTU) with at least an unenhanced scan, and the 
      parenchymal and excretory phases after contrast medium administration performed 
      at our Teaching Hospital were included. When available images related to 
      conventional radiography, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging of the 
      same patients, the comparison with CTU images was carried out. CONCLUSION: A 
      possible diagnosis of XGP or EPN must always be taken into account when a 
      pyelonephritis is associated with untreated kidney stones, especially whenever 
      clinical presentation is atypical, current therapy is not effective and imaging 
      shows features of dubious interpretation. Due to their rarity and atypical 
      presentation, a multidisciplinary approach is required and an expert radiologist 
      represents a key figure in the multidisciplinary team as he can help to 
      differentiate between benign and malignant lesions and thus avoid unnecessary 
      radical surgical procedures.
FAU - Ciccarese, Federica
AU  - Ciccarese F
AD  - Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via 
      Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.
FAU - Brandi, Nicolo
AU  - Brandi N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0574-3455
AD  - Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via 
      Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy. nicolo.brandi@studio.unibo.it.
FAU - Corcioni, Beniamino
AU  - Corcioni B
AD  - Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via 
      Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.
FAU - Golfieri, Rita
AU  - Golfieri R
AD  - Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via 
      Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.
FAU - Gaudiano, Caterina
AU  - Gaudiano C
AD  - Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via 
      Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201127
PL  - Italy
TA  - Radiol Med
JT  - La Radiologia medica
JID - 0177625
RN  - 0 (Contrast Media)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Contrast Media
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kidney Calculi/complications/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Kidney Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Pyelonephritis/complications/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Ultrasonography
MH  - *Urography
PMC - PMC8007507
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Complicated pyelonephritis
OT  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis
OT  - Nephrolithiasis
OT  - Renal stone disease
OT  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
COIS- All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any 
      organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in 
      the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
EDAT- 2020/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/14 06:00
PMCR- 2020/11/27
CRDT- 2020/11/27 12:08
PHST- 2020/07/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/27 12:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s11547-020-01315-7 [pii]
AID - 1315 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11547-020-01315-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Radiol Med. 2021 Apr;126(4):505-516. doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01315-7. Epub 2020 
      Nov 27.