PMID- 33253317
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210208
LR  - 20240330
IS  - 1553-7374 (Electronic)
IS  - 1553-7366 (Print)
IS  - 1553-7366 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 11
DP  - 2020 Nov
TI  - Genomic analysis reveals an exogenous viral symbiont with dual functionality in 
      parasitoid wasps and their hosts.
PG  - e1009069
LID - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009069 [doi]
LID - e1009069
AB  - Insects are known to host a wide variety of beneficial microbes that are 
      fundamental to many aspects of their biology and have substantially shaped their 
      evolution. Notably, parasitoid wasps have repeatedly evolved beneficial 
      associations with viruses that enable developing wasps to survive as parasites 
      that feed from other insects. Ongoing genomic sequencing efforts have revealed 
      that most of these virus-derived entities are fully integrated into the genomes 
      of parasitoid wasp lineages, representing endogenous viral elements (EVEs) that 
      retain the ability to produce virus or virus-like particles within wasp 
      reproductive tissues. All documented parasitoid EVEs have undergone similar 
      genomic rearrangements compared to their viral ancestors characterized by viral 
      genes scattered across wasp genomes and specific viral gene losses. The recurrent 
      presence of viral endogenization and genomic reorganization in beneficial virus 
      systems identified to date suggest that these features are crucial to forming 
      heritable alliances between parasitoid wasps and viruses. Here, our genomic 
      characterization of a mutualistic poxvirus associated with the wasp 
      Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, known as Diachasmimorpha longicaudata 
      entomopoxvirus (DlEPV), has uncovered the first instance of beneficial virus 
      evolution that does not conform to the genomic architecture shared by parasitoid 
      EVEs with which it displays evolutionary convergence. Rather, DlEPV retains the 
      exogenous viral genome of its poxvirus ancestor and the majority of conserved 
      poxvirus core genes. Additional comparative analyses indicate that DlEPV is 
      related to a fly pathogen and contains a novel gene expansion that may be 
      adaptive to its symbiotic role. Finally, differential expression analysis during 
      virus replication in wasps and fly hosts demonstrates a unique mechanism of 
      functional partitioning that allows DlEPV to persist within and provide benefit 
      to its parasitoid wasp host.
FAU - Coffman, Kelsey A
AU  - Coffman KA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7609-6286
AD  - Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States 
      of America.
FAU - Burke, Gaelen R
AU  - Burke GR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3472-0420
AD  - Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States 
      of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20201130
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS Pathog
JT  - PLoS pathogens
JID - 101238921
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Entomopoxvirinae/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Genome, Viral/*genetics
MH  - *Genomics
MH  - Male
MH  - Poxviridae/*genetics/physiology
MH  - *Symbiosis
MH  - Virus Replication/genetics
MH  - Wasps/*virology
PMC - PMC7728225
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2020/12/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/09 06:00
PMCR- 2020/11/30
CRDT- 2020/11/30 17:13
PHST- 2020/07/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/10/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/12/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/30 17:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/11/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PPATHOGENS-D-20-01501 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009069 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS Pathog. 2020 Nov 30;16(11):e1009069. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009069. 
      eCollection 2020 Nov.