PMID- 33255322
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201226
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 12
DP  - 2020 Nov 24
TI  - Hydrophilicity Improvement of Polymer Surfaces Induced by Simultaneous Nuclear 
      Transmutation and Oxidation Effects Using High-Energy and Low-Fluence Helium Ion 
      Beam Irradiation.
LID - 10.3390/polym12122770 [doi]
LID - 2770
AB  - Two commodity polymers, polystyrene (PS) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), 
      were irradiated by high-energy He ion beams at low fluence to examine the 
      wettability changes at different fluences. The water contact angles of the PS and 
      HDPE surfaces were reduced from 78.3 degrees  to 46.7 degrees  and 81.5 degrees  to 58.5 degrees , respectively, 
      upon increasing the fluence from 0 to 1 x 10(13) He(2+)/cm(2) for irradiation 
      durations </=4 min. Surface analyses were performed to investigate these 
      wettability changes. Surface texture evaluations via scanning electron and atomic 
      force microscopies indicated non-remarkable changes by irradiation. However, the 
      chemical structures of the irradiated polymer surfaces were notable. The 
      high-energy He ions induced nuclear transmutation of C to N, leading to C-N bond 
      formation in the polymer chains. Further, C-O and C=O bonds were formed during 
      irradiation in air because of polymer oxidation. Finally, amide and ester groups 
      were generated by irradiation. These polar groups improved hydrophilicity by 
      increasing surface energies. Experiments with other polymers can further 
      elucidate the correlation between polymer structure and surface wettability 
      changes due to high-energy low-fluence He ion irradiation. This method can 
      realize simple and effective utilization of commercial cyclotrons to tailor 
      polymer surfaces without compromising surface texture and mechanical integrity.
FAU - Kim, Jung Woo
AU  - Kim JW
AD  - Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 
      29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
AD  - Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of 
      Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
FAU - Yoo, Seung Hwa
AU  - Yoo SH
AD  - Department of Quantum System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk 
      National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
FAU - Kong, Young Bae
AU  - Kong YB
AD  - Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 
      29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
FAU - Cho, Sung Oh
AU  - Cho SO
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5441-3244
AD  - Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of 
      Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
FAU - Lee, Eun Je
AU  - Lee EJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7306-3980
AD  - Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 
      29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201124
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC7761050
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - helium ion
OT  - high energy low fluence
OT  - irradiation
OT  - nuclear transmutation
OT  - oxidation
OT  - polymer
OT  - surface wettability
OT  - water contact angle
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/12/02 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/02 06:01
PMCR- 2020/11/24
CRDT- 2020/12/01 01:08
PHST- 2020/11/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/01 01:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym12122770 [pii]
AID - polymers-12-02770 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym12122770 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2020 Nov 24;12(12):2770. doi: 10.3390/polym12122770.