PMID- 33258427
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20240222
IS  - 0191-2917 (Print)
IS  - 0191-2917 (Linking)
DP  - 2020 Dec 1
TI  - First report of Mochi tree (Ilex integra) Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum 
      fioriniae in Korea.
LID - 10.1094/PDIS-07-20-1559-PDN [doi]
AB  - Ilex integra, also called Mochi tree, is an woody ornamental common in Asia, 
      particularly in Korea, China, Japan, and Taiwan. Anthracnose, caused by 
      Colletotrichum spp., is an economically important disease worldwide, affecting 
      both fruit and seed quality. In April 2019, symptoms of Anthracnose were observed 
      on leaves from several Mochi trees in an urban planting in Wando-gun, South 
      Korea. Irregularly shaped, light-to-dark brown spots of 1-4mm were observed on 
      young leaves. The lesions coalesced as each spot enlarged, flat and black 
      fruiting bodies (acervuli) occurred on the brown lesions. Four symptomatic leaves 
      were collected; fractions were cut from symptomatic tissue, including healthy 
      tissue, then were disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol, and 
      placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After dark-incubation at 25℃ for 7 days two 
      isolates were obtained, the fungal colonies appeared as white to light gray 
      mycelium, then becoming dark and orange to pink on the underside. After acervuli 
      were produced on the plate, orange-red conidial masses erupted. Conidia observed 
      from two isolates were hyaline, 1-celled, and oblong with round to acute apices, 
      and measured 7 to 12 x 2 to 5 mum (mean +/- SD: 9.29 +/-2.26 x 3.68+/- 1.31 mum) (n=30). 
      Genomic DNA was extracted and multi-locus sequencing was performed with one 
      representative isolate using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (White et al. 
      1990), actin (ACT) genes, chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS-1) (Carbone and Kohn 1999), 
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Calmodulin (CAL) (Weir et al. 
      2012) and submitted. Blast search results showed that the isolate had 100%, 
      98.45%, 99.74%, 100%, and 100% nucleotide sequence identity with those of C. 
      fioriniae (MT607651, MH717601, MG666441, MN895544, MN974144) respectively (Jamin 
      and Mateu 2008). The five sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank (Accession No: 
      MT457472, MT465884, MT465885, MT465886, MT465887), which were assigned to ITS, 
      ACT, CHS-1, GAPDH, and CAL regions, respectively. Based on the morphology (Shivas 
      and Tan 2009) and molecular characterization (Guerber et al. 2003), the isolate 
      was identified as C. fioriniae. To confirm pathogenicity, a conidial suspension 
      (10(6) conidia/ml) of the sequenced isolate was used to inoculated, young and 
      mature leaves of a 4-year-old Mochi tree. Ten leaves of the seedling were 
      disinfected with 70% ethanol, then were wounded with a toothpick. The conidial 
      suspension (20 microl) was placed on the wound. The inoculated plant and control 
      plants were tested with sterilized water and incubated at 25℃ in a moist chamber. 
      The pathogenicity test was repeated three times. Typical spots were observed on 
      the young leaves 2 days after inoculation, whereas they were observed on the 
      mature leaves 7 days after inoculation. Acervuli developed on both young and 
      mature leaves 5 and 20 days after treatment, respectively. The control plants did 
      not show symptoms, and the fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated plant; 
      thus, fulfilling Koch's Postulates. In Korea, C. fioriniae has been recorded as a 
      pathogen of fruit (apple, eggplant and peach), but this is the first report of 
      the fungus causing anthracnose on Mochi tree. The pathogen has been reported on 
      leaves of a different Ilex species in the eastern USA (Farr and Rossman 2020). 
      Although this new disease of I. integra is limited occurrence, C. fioriniae may 
      be able to infect other plant species in South Korea.
FAU - Woo, Jihye
AU  - Woo J
AD  - Chungbuk National University, 34933, Dept of Plant Medicine, Cheongju, Korea (the 
      Republic of); jhwoo103@naver.com.
FAU - Kim, Jeong Eun
AU  - Kim JE
AD  - Chungbuk National University, 34933, Dept of Plant Medicine, Cheongju, Korea (the 
      Republic of); cloudycat91@gmail.com.
FAU - Kim, Mikyeong
AU  - Kim M
AD  - Chungbuk National University, 34933, Dept of Plant Medicine, Cheongju, Korea (the 
      Republic of); mkim00@korea.kr.
FAU - Cha, Byeongjin
AU  - Cha B
AD  - Chungbuk National University, plant Medicine, Cheongju, Korea (the Republic of); 
      bjcha@chungbuk.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201201
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Dis
JT  - Plant disease
JID - 9882809
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anthracnose
OT  - Causal Agent
OT  - Crop Type
OT  - Fungi
OT  - Pathogen detection
OT  - Subject Areas
OT  - Trees
OT  - ilex
OT  - mochi tree
OT  - ornamentals
EDAT- 2020/12/02 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/02 06:00
CRDT- 2020/12/01 08:36
PHST- 2020/12/01 08:36 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1094/PDIS-07-20-1559-PDN [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Plant Dis. 2020 Dec 1. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-20-1559-PDN.