PMID- 33262871
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220418
IS  - 1989-5488 (Print)
IS  - 1989-5488 (Electronic)
IS  - 1989-5488 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 11
DP  - 2020 Nov
TI  - Vertical gingival display changes associated with upper premolars extraction 
      orthodontic treatment: A prospective clinical trial.
PG  - e1050-e1057
LID - 10.4317/jced.57538 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Extraction of upper bicuspids have been anecdotally blamed to 
      increase the vertical gingival display (VGD) anteriorly. However, the extraction 
      may be needed in some cases in order to correct the underlying orthodontic 
      problem. Objectives: To investigate and compare vertical gingival display (VGD) 
      changes associated with upper (first vs second) premolars extraction during 
      orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Design: A prospective clinical 
      trial. Setting: Postgraduate dental teaching clinics at Jordan University of 
      Science and Technology (JUST). Sample population: Sixty orthodontic patients were 
      included in the study. They were treated with upper first or second premolars 
      extraction according to the underlying problem and the individualized treatment 
      plan of each patient. Records (radiographs, study casts and clinical photographs) 
      were taken for all subjects pre- and post- orthodontic treatment. Outcome 
      measures: Pre- and post-treatment VGD, lip length in static and dynamic positions 
      and the amount of upper teeth retractions were recorded. The paired and the 
      independent t- test were used to detect differences within/between groups. 
      Factors affecting VGD were investigated using backward stepwise linear regression 
      analysis. RESULTS: In both static and dynamic captures, VGD increased after 
      orthodontic treatment in both premolars extraction groups. Pre- and 
      post-treatment variables differed significantly in groups 1 and 2. VGD changes 
      were similar in both treatment groups. A significant association was found 
      between VGD change during orthodontic treatment and upper canine retraction 
      (P<0.001), pre-treatment ANB angle (P<0.01) and upper incisor retraction(P<0.05). 
      CONCLUSIONS: The amount of anterior VGD increases after upper premolars 
      extraction. The increase in VGD after first and second premolars extractions was 
      comparable. The increase in VGD after orthodontic treatment is associated with 
      the amount of canine retraction, pre-treatment ANB and the amount of incisor 
      retraction. Key words:Vertical gingival display, tooth extraction, dental 
      esthetics.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2020 Medicina Oral S.L.
FAU - Fallas, Michel F
AU  - Fallas MF
AD  - Master student, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, 
      Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, 
      Irbid-Jordan.
FAU - Abu-Alhaija, Elham S
AU  - Abu-Alhaija ES
AD  - Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty 
      of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, 
      Irbid-Jordan.
FAU - Alkhateeb, Susan N
AU  - Alkhateeb SN
AD  - Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty 
      of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, 
      Irbid-Jordan.
FAU - Samawi, Shadi S
AU  - Samawi SS
AD  - Private orthodontic practice, Amman - Jordan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201101
PL  - Spain
TA  - J Clin Exp Dent
JT  - Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry
JID - 101603132
PMC - PMC7680577
COIS- Conflicts of interest We, Michel Fallas, Elham S. Abu Alhaija, Susan Al-khateeb 
      and Shadi Samawi declare that we have no conflict of interest that we should 
      disclose regarding our manuscript (Attached signed conflict of interest form by 
      all authors).
EDAT- 2020/12/03 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/03 06:01
PMCR- 2020/11/01
CRDT- 2020/12/02 05:33
PHST- 2020/06/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/08/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/02 05:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 57538 [pii]
AID - 10.4317/jced.57538 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Clin Exp Dent. 2020 Nov 1;12(11):e1050-e1057. doi: 10.4317/jced.57538. 
      eCollection 2020 Nov.