PMID- 33266274
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201226
IS  - 2076-2615 (Print)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 12
DP  - 2020 Nov 30
TI  - Effects of Cold Stress and Ammonia Concentration on Productive Performance and 
      Egg Quality Traits of Laying Hens.
LID - 10.3390/ani10122252 [doi]
LID - 2252
AB  - In a cold climate, ensuring indoor air quality and heat preservation 
      simultaneously has always been a difficult problem in the poultry house. The 
      current study was carried out in order to determine the effects of chronic low 
      temperature and ammonia concentration on productive performance and egg quality 
      of commercial laying hens. 576 18-week-old Hy-line Brown hens were used in this 
      study. Birds were housed in cages and received for 20-week exposure to low 
      temperature and ammonia in six artificial environmental chambers. Birds were 
      randomly assigned into six treatments: treatment 1 (T1, 20  degrees C, </=5 ppm, control 
      group), treatment 2 (T2, 20  degrees C, 20 ppm), treatment 3 (T3, 20  degrees C, 45 ppm), 
      treatment 4 (T4, 8  degrees C, </=5 ppm), treatment 5 (T5, 8  degrees C, 20 ppm) and treatment 6 
      (T6, 8  degrees C, 45 ppm). Daily feed intake (DFI), feed efficiency (FE), egg production 
      (EP) and body weight (BW) were recorded and calculated from 19 weeks of age. Egg 
      samples were collected at 22, 26, 30, 34 and 38 weeks of age and egg weight (EW), 
      shell breaking strength (SBS), albumen height (AH), yolk weight (YW), shell 
      weight (SW), shell thickness (ST) and Haugh unit (HU) were measured. The results 
      of the present study indicated that low temperature and excessive ammonia 
      decreased the EP of hens compared with those of the T1 birds. Low temperature 
      increased DFI of hens thereby FE showed significant differences among treatments. 
      During the early period of the experiment, low temperature treatment increased 
      the BW of laying hens, but this trend of increase was suppressed by the treatment 
      of ammonia with the prolongation of the experimental period. Egg quality was also 
      affected by low temperature and excessive ammonia. At different experimental 
      periods, egg quality traits of hens exposed to the cold and ammonia stress 
      presented significant differences compared to those of control birds. The present 
      study indicated that the effect of ammonia was more pronounced on hens than that 
      of low temperature at the early and peak laying period in terms of several main 
      traits of productive performance and egg quality under long term hens breeding.
FAU - Li, Dapeng
AU  - Li D
AD  - Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of 
      Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 
      100083, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry 
      of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
AD  - Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 
      100083, China.
FAU - Tong, Qin
AU  - Tong Q
AD  - Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of 
      Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 
      100083, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry 
      of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
AD  - Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 
      100083, China.
FAU - Shi, Zhengxiang
AU  - Shi Z
AD  - Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of 
      Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 
      100083, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry 
      of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
AD  - Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 
      100083, China.
FAU - Zheng, Weichao
AU  - Zheng W
AD  - Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of 
      Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 
      100083, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry 
      of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
AD  - Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 
      100083, China.
FAU - Wang, Yu
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of 
      Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 
      100083, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry 
      of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
AD  - Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 
      100083, China.
FAU - Li, Baoming
AU  - Li B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5368-4969
AD  - Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of 
      Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 
      100083, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry 
      of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
AD  - Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 
      100083, China.
FAU - Yan, Geqi
AU  - Yan G
AD  - Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of 
      Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 
      100083, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry 
      of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
AD  - Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 
      100083, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2017YFE0122200/National Key Research and Development Program of China/
GR  - CARS-40/China Agricultural Research System/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201130
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Animals (Basel)
JT  - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
JID - 101635614
PMC - PMC7760501
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ammonia
OT  - cold stress
OT  - egg quality
OT  - laying hen
OT  - productive performance
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/12/04 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/04 06:01
PMCR- 2020/11/30
CRDT- 2020/12/03 01:06
PHST- 2020/11/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/03 01:06 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ani10122252 [pii]
AID - animals-10-02252 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ani10122252 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Animals (Basel). 2020 Nov 30;10(12):2252. doi: 10.3390/ani10122252.