PMID- 33273461
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210818
LR  - 20210818
IS  - 2056-676X (Electronic)
IS  - 2056-676X (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Dec 3
TI  - Allergic rhinitis.
PG  - 95
LID - 10.1038/s41572-020-00227-0 [doi]
AB  - Allergic rhinitis (AR) is caused by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions to 
      inhaled allergens and is one of the most common chronic conditions globally. AR 
      often co-occurs with asthma and conjunctivitis and is a global health problem 
      causing major burden and disability worldwide. Risk factors include inhalant and 
      occupational allergens, as well as genetic factors. AR impairs quality of life, 
      affects social life, school and work, and is associated with substantial economic 
      costs. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative 
      classified AR into intermittent or persistent and mild or moderate/severe. The 
      diagnosis is based on the clinical history and, if needed in patients with 
      uncontrolled rhinitis despite medications or with long-lasting symptoms, on skin 
      tests or the presence of serum-specific IgE antibodies to allergens. The most 
      frequently used pharmacological treatments include oral, intranasal or ocular 
      H(1)-antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids or a fixed combination of 
      intranasal H(1)-antihistamines and corticosteroids. Allergen immunotherapy 
      prescribed by a specialist using high-quality extracts in stratified patients is 
      effective in patients with persistent symptoms. Real-world data obtained by 
      mobile technology offer new insights into AR phenotypes and management. The 
      outlook for AR includes a better understanding of novel multimorbid phenotypes, 
      health technology assessment and patient-centred shared decision-making.
FAU - Bousquet, Jean
AU  - Bousquet J
AD  - Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, 
      Germany. jean.bousquet@orange.fr.
AD  - Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of 
      Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany. jean.bousquet@orange.fr.
AD  - University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France. jean.bousquet@orange.fr.
AD  - MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France. jean.bousquet@orange.fr.
FAU - Anto, Josep M
AU  - Anto JM
AD  - ISGlobAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
AD  - CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Bachert, Claus
AU  - Bachert C
AD  - Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, 
      Ghent, Belgium.
AD  - Sun Yat-sen University, International Airway Research Center, First Affiliated 
      Hospital Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
AD  - Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
AD  - Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Baiardini, Ilaria
AU  - Baiardini I
AD  - Personalized Medicine Clinic Asthma & Allergy, Humanitas University & Research 
      Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia
AU  - Bosnic-Anticevich S
AD  - Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, 
      Australia.
AD  - Woolcock Emphysema Centre and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 
      Australia.
FAU - Walter Canonica, G
AU  - Walter Canonica G
AD  - Personalized Medicine Clinic Asthma & Allergy, Humanitas University & Research 
      Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Melen, Erik
AU  - Melen E
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs' Children's 
      Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Palomares, Oscar
AU  - Palomares O
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, 
      Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Scadding, Glenis K
AU  - Scadding GK
AD  - The Royal National ENT Hospital, University College Hospitals, London, UK.
FAU - Togias, Alkis
AU  - Togias A
AD  - Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute 
      of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Toppila-Salmi, Sanna
AU  - Toppila-Salmi S
AD  - Skin and Allergy Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Helsinki University Hospital 
      and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201203
PL  - England
TA  - Nat Rev Dis Primers
JT  - Nature reviews. Disease primers
JID - 101672103
RN  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Histamine Antagonists)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
MH  - Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/adverse effects/immunology
MH  - Immunotherapy/methods/trends
MH  - Rhinitis, Allergic/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*therapy
EDAT- 2020/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/19 06:00
CRDT- 2020/12/04 05:39
PHST- 2020/10/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/04 05:39 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1038/s41572-020-00227-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41572-020-00227-0 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 Dec 3;6(1):95. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-00227-0.