PMID- 33273706
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210623
LR  - 20220503
IS  - 1740-634X (Electronic)
IS  - 0893-133X (Print)
IS  - 0893-133X (Linking)
VI  - 46
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021 May
TI  - Reduced GABA/glutamate in the thalamus of individuals at clinical high risk for 
      psychosis.
PG  - 1133-1139
LID - 10.1038/s41386-020-00920-4 [doi]
AB  - Youth at clinical high risk (CHR) are a unique population enriched for precursors 
      of major psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia (SCZ). Recent 
      neuroimaging findings point to abnormalities in the thalamus of patients with 
      SCZ, including chronic and early course patients, as well as in CHR individuals 
      relative to healthy comparison groups, thus suggesting that thalamic dysfunctions 
      are present even before illness onset. Furthermore, modeling data indicate that 
      alteration between excitatory and inhibitory control, as reflected by alteration 
      in GABAergic and glutamatergic balance (i.e., GABA/Glu), may underlie thalamic 
      deficits linked to the risk and development of psychosis. There is, however, a 
      lack of in vivo evidence of GABA/Glu thalamic abnormalities in the CHR state. 
      Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) 7 Tesla (7 T) provides enhanced 
      resolution to quantify GABA and Glu levels in the thalamus of CHR individuals. In 
      this study, we performed 7 T MRSI in 15 CHR and 20 healthy control (HC) 
      participants. We found that GABA/Glu was significantly reduced in the right 
      medial anterior and right medial posterior thalamus of CHR relative to HC groups. 
      The GABA/Glu reduction was negatively correlated with general symptoms in the 
      right medial anterior thalamus, as well as with disorganization symptoms in the 
      right medial posterior thalamus. Altogether, these findings indicate that 
      GABA/Glu abnormalities are present in the thalamus before the onset of full-blown 
      psychosis and are associated with symptom severity, thus providing putative 
      molecular and neuronal targets for early interventions in youth at CHR.
FAU - Quinones, Gonzalo M
AU  - Quinones GM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
FAU - Mayeli, Ahmad
AU  - Mayeli A
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
FAU - Yushmanov, Victor E
AU  - Yushmanov VE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3633-7380
AD  - Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 
      PA, USA.
FAU - Hetherington, Hoby P
AU  - Hetherington HP
AD  - Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 
      PA, USA.
FAU - Ferrarelli, Fabio
AU  - Ferrarelli F
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 
      ferrarellif@upmc.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH113827/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01MH113827/U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes 
      of Health (NIH)/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20201203
PL  - England
TA  - Neuropsychopharmacology
JT  - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of 
      Neuropsychopharmacology
JID - 8904907
RN  - 3KX376GY7L (Glutamic Acid)
RN  - 56-12-2 (gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Glutamic Acid
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - *Psychotic Disorders/diagnostic imaging
MH  - *Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Thalamus/diagnostic imaging
MH  - gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PMC - PMC8115482
EDAT- 2020/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/24 06:00
PMCR- 2022/05/01
CRDT- 2020/12/04 05:45
PHST- 2020/09/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/11/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/04 05:45 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41386-020-00920-4 [pii]
AID - 920 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41386-020-00920-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021 May;46(6):1133-1139. doi: 
      10.1038/s41386-020-00920-4. Epub 2020 Dec 3.