PMID- 33273822
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220418
IS  - 1178-2390 (Print)
IS  - 1178-2390 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-2390 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2020
TI  - A Case-Control Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis in Saudi 
      Arabian Adults.
PG  - 1741-1748
LID - 10.2147/JMDH.S288681 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 
      periodontitis is bidirectional and has been investigated. However, the evidence 
      from the middle-eastern region is sparse. The current report assessed the 
      association between uncontrolled T2DM and periodontal status from a sample of the 
      Saudi Arabian adult population. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out. 
      Cases were adults diagnosed with periodontitis (clinical attachment loss >/=1 mm) 
      and controls were patients from the same dental setting with no gum conditions 
      matched with age, sex, and location. Diabetes was recorded using HbA1c readings. 
      The other health conditions including hypertension, epilepsy, bronchitis, thyroid 
      disorders, and arthritis were obtained from medical records. Data on the use of 
      tobacco and related products (smoking, khat/qat, sheesha, shammah) were gathered 
      using a self-perceived questionnaire. Frequencies, percentages, p-values, crude 
      and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were computed. 
      RESULTS: Overall sample comprises 166 cases and 332 controls with a mean age of 
      37.5 years. Multivariable analysis indicated uncontrolled T2DM as an important 
      predictor for periodontitis among Saudi Arabian adults, and they had nearly three 
      times greater odds (OR: 2.779; 95% CI: 1.425-5.419; p=0.003) of being diagnosed 
      with periodontitis in contrast to non-diabetics. Secondary findings revealed that 
      cigarette ever-users were two times more likely to be suffering from 
      periodontitis than never-users, and those brushing once per day or less had five 
      times greater odds of developing periodontitis as compared to those brushing 
      twice daily. CONCLUSION: To conclude, the current evidence from Saudi Arabia is 
      supportive of earlier studies and an awareness of this association is warranted 
      among all healthcare providers and patients in the region for early detection of 
      periodontitis.
CI  - (c) 2020 Quadri et al.
FAU - Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali
AU  - Quadri MFA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6349-6136
AD  - Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Dental Public Health, 
      College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Fageeh, Hammam I
AU  - Fageeh HI
AD  - Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of 
      Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Ibraheem, Wael
AU  - Ibraheem W
AD  - Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of 
      Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Jessani, Abbas
AU  - Jessani A
AD  - College of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Toronto, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201127
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - J Multidiscip Healthc
JT  - Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare
JID - 101512691
PMC - PMC7708264
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Saudi Arabia
OT  - adult periodontitis
OT  - association
OT  - case-control study
OT  - type-2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors do not have any competing interests to report with regards to the 
      current research.
EDAT- 2020/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/05 06:01
PMCR- 2020/11/27
CRDT- 2020/12/04 05:46
PHST- 2020/10/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/04 05:46 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 288681 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/JMDH.S288681 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Multidiscip Healthc. 2020 Nov 27;13:1741-1748. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S288681. 
      eCollection 2020.