PMID- 33274063
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210803
LR  - 20240501
IS  - 2047-2986 (Electronic)
IS  - 2047-2978 (Print)
IS  - 2047-2978 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 2
DP  - 2020 Dec
TI  - HIV-related stigma trends in the general population of India during an era of 
      antiretroviral treatment expansion, 2005-16.
PG  - 020420
LID - 10.7189/jogh.10.020420 [doi]
LID - 020420
AB  - BACKGROUND: In India, which has the world's third-largest HIV epidemic, the 
      extent to which levels of HIV-related stigma have changed during an era of ART 
      scale-up is unknown. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2005-06 and 2015-16 
      National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) to estimate trends in two stigma domains 
      among people in the general population: desires for social distance from people 
      living with HIV (ie, unwillingness to interact) and fear of serostatus disclosure 
      in the case of a hypothetical HIV infection. We fitted multivariable linear 
      probability models to the data with year of NFHS as the explanatory variable and 
      alternately specifying fear of disclosure or desires for social distance as the 
      dependent variable. Analyses were stratified by sex, state, and high vs low HIV 
      prevalence states. RESULTS: We included data on 172 795 women and 159 194 men. 
      Desires for social distance declined in 2015-16 compared with 2005-06 (38% in 
      2015-16 vs 43% in 2005-06; adjusted b = -0.046; 95% confidence interval 
      (CI = -0.049 to -0.043; P < 0.001) but fear of serostatus disclosure increased 
      (31% in 2005-06 vs 37% in 2015-16; adjusted b = 0.058; 95% CI = 0.055-0.062; 
      P < 0.001). Declines in social distancing were more pronounced among men and in 
      high HIV prevalence states. Increased fear of serostatus disclosure was greater 
      among women and in high HIV prevalence states. There was significant variability 
      in trends disaggregated by state. CONCLUSIONS: During the first decade of ART 
      scale-up in India, fear of HIV serostatus disclosure in the general population 
      increased despite a decline in desires for social distance.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.
FAU - Chan, Brian T
AU  - Chan BT
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 
      Massachusetts, USA.
AD  - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
FAU - Chakrapani, Venkatesan
AU  - Chakrapani V
AD  - Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy (C-SHaRP), Chennai, India.
AD  - The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India.
FAU - Tsai, Alexander C
AU  - Tsai AC
AD  - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
AD  - Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General 
      Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
AD  - Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
LA  - eng
GR  - WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - K23 MH110338/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Scotland
TA  - J Glob Health
JT  - Journal of global health
JID - 101578780
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Disclosure
MH  - Female
MH  - *HIV Infections/drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - India
MH  - Male
MH  - *Social Stigma
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC7698569
COIS- Competing interests: The authors completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest 
      form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no 
      conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2020/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/04 06:00
PMCR- 2020/09/23
CRDT- 2020/12/04 05:47
PHST- 2020/12/04 05:47 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jogh-10-020420 [pii]
AID - 10.7189/jogh.10.020420 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Glob Health. 2020 Dec;10(2):020420. doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020420.