PMID- 33274409
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210125
LR  - 20210616
IS  - 1436-3771 (Electronic)
IS  - 1432-6981 (Print)
IS  - 1432-6981 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Feb
TI  - Effect of scaling on the invasion of oral microorganisms into dentinal tubules 
      including the response of pulpal cells-an in vitro study.
PG  - 769-777
LID - 10.1007/s00784-020-03705-7 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate how scaling affects the penetration of microorganisms 
      into dentinal tubules, how pulpal cells seeded into the pulp cavity respond to 
      bacterial challenge, and how penetration and inflammatory response may depend on 
      the bacterial composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Root canals of 102 extracted 
      human teeth underwent shaping and cleaning. Half of the teeth were subjected to 
      scaling and root planing, the other half remained untreated. Teeth were exposed 
      to either Streptococcus gordonii and Actinomyces oris or S. gordonii and 
      Porphyromonas gingivalis for 10 weeks. Bacterial invasion was assessed in a depth 
      of 1 mm to the root surface. Human pulpal cells were seeded into the cavities to 
      assess the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 
      (MCP-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) by real-time polymerase chain 
      reaction and immunoassay. RESULTS: The percentage of teeth with bacteria detected 
      in dentine was higher when teeth received scaling than when they were untreated: 
      66.6% versus 44.4% when exposed to A. oris/S. gordonii, and 50% versus 25% when 
      exposed to P. gingivalis/S. gordonii (p = 0.043). Scaling had no impact on IL-8 
      and MMP-3 expression in pulpal cells. P. gingivalis/S. gordonii caused higher 
      levels of IL-8, MCP-1, and MMP-3 than A. oris/S. gordonii (p = 0.003, p = 0.011, 
      p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Scaling supports the penetration of bacteria into the 
      dentine of extracted human teeth. P. gingivalis may affect the immune response in 
      pulpal cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Root surface debridement with hand instruments 
      may facilitate bacterial penetration. Other kinds of mechanical instrumentation 
      in this experimental setting should be investigated.
FAU - Stahli, Alexandra
AU  - Stahli A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5631-3300
AD  - Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 
      Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. alexandra.staehli@zmk.unibe.ch.
FAU - Schatt, Alex S J
AU  - Schatt ASJ
AD  - Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 
      Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
FAU - Stoffel, Miro
AU  - Stoffel M
AD  - Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 
      Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
FAU - Nietzsche, Sandor
AU  - Nietzsche S
AD  - Center of Electron Microscopy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
FAU - Sculean, Anton
AU  - Sculean A
AD  - Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 
      Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
FAU - Gruber, Reinhard
AU  - Gruber R
AD  - Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 
      Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
AD  - Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 
      Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Cvikl, Barbara
AU  - Cvikl B
AD  - Department of Conservative Dentistry, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Eick, Sigrun
AU  - Eick S
AD  - Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 
      Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201204
PL  - Germany
TA  - Clin Oral Investig
JT  - Clinical oral investigations
JID - 9707115
RN  - Actinomyces oris
MH  - *Actinomyces
MH  - Dental Pulp
MH  - Dental Pulp Cavity
MH  - Dentin
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Tooth
PMC - PMC7820079
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bacterial invasion into dentine
OT  - Bacterial penetration into dentinal tubules
OT  - Endodontic-periodontal lesion
OT  - Mixed species biofilm
OT  - Periodontal therapy
OT  - Proinflammatory response
OT  - Pulpal cells
OT  - Scaling
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/26 06:00
PMCR- 2020/12/04
CRDT- 2020/12/04 05:49
PHST- 2020/08/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/04 05:49 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00784-020-03705-7 [pii]
AID - 3705 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00784-020-03705-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Oral Investig. 2021 Feb;25(2):769-777. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03705-7. Epub 
      2020 Dec 4.