PMID- 33277272
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230228
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 87
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Mar 1
TI  - Antioxidant ability of glutaredoxins and their role in symbiotic nitrogen 
      fixation in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841.
LID - AEM.01956-20 [pii]
LID - 10.1128/AEM.01956-20 [doi]
LID - e01956-20
AB  - Glutaredoxins (Grx) are redoxin family proteins that reduce disulfides and mixed 
      disulfides between glutathione and proteins. Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae 
      3841 contains three genes coding for glutaredoxins: RL4289 (grxA) codes for a 
      dithiolic glutaredoxin, RL2615 (grxB) codes for a monothiol glutaredoxin, while 
      RL4261 (grxC) codes for a glutaredoxin-like NrdH protein. We generated mutants 
      interrupted in one, two, or three glutaredoxin genes. These mutants had no 
      obvious differences in growth phenotypes from the wild type RL3841. However, 
      while a mutant of grxC did not affect the antioxidant or symbiotic capacities of 
      R. leguminosarum, grxA-derived or grxB mutants decreased antioxidant and nitrogen 
      fixation capacities. Furthermore, grxA mutants were severely impaired in 
      rhizosphere colonization, and formed smaller nodules with defects of bacteroid 
      differentiation, whereas nodules induced by grxB mutants contained abnormally 
      thick cortices and prematurely senescent bacteroids. The grx triple mutant had 
      the greatest defect in antioxidant and symbiotic capacities of R. leguminosarum 
      and quantitative proteomics revealed it had 56 up-regulated and 81 down-regulated 
      proteins relative to wildtype. Of these proteins, twenty-eight are involved in 
      transporter activity, twenty are related to stress response and virulence, and 
      sixteen are involved in amino acid metabolism. Overall, R. leguminosarum 
      glutaredoxins behave as antioxidant proteins mediating root nodule 
      symbiosis.IMPORTANCE Glutaredoxin catalyzes glutathionylation/deglutathionylation 
      reactions, protects SH-groups from oxidation and restores functionally active 
      thiols. Three glutaredoxins exist in R. leguminosarum and their properties were 
      investigated in free-living bacteria and during nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. All 
      the glutaredoxins were necessary for oxidative stress defense. Dithiol GrxA 
      affects nodulation and nitrogen fixation of bacteroids by altering 
      deglutathionylation reactions, monothiol GrxB is involved in symbiotic nitrogen 
      fixation by regulating Fe-S cluster biogenesis, and GrxC may participate in 
      symbiosis by an unknown mechanism. Proteome analysis provides clues to explain 
      the differences between the grx triple mutant and wild-type nodules.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 American Society for Microbiology.
FAU - Zou, Qian
AU  - Zou Q
AD  - Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and 
      Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University 
      for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
FAU - Zhou, Yanlin
AU  - Zhou Y
AD  - Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and 
      Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University 
      for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
FAU - Cheng, Guojun
AU  - Cheng G
AD  - Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and 
      Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University 
      for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China chengguojun@mail.scuec.edu.cn.
FAU - Peng, Yang
AU  - Peng Y
AD  - Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and 
      Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University 
      for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
FAU - Luo, Sha
AU  - Luo S
AD  - Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and 
      Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University 
      for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
FAU - Wu, Hetao
AU  - Wu H
AD  - Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and 
      Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University 
      for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
FAU - Yan, Chuanlan
AU  - Yan C
AD  - Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and 
      Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University 
      for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
FAU - Li, Xiaohua
AU  - Li X
AD  - Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and 
      Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University 
      for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
FAU - He, Donglan
AU  - He D
AD  - Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Resources and 
      Utilization of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University 
      for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201204
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
SB  - IM
EIN - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2022 Jan 11;88(1):e0218621. PMID: 35015977
PMC - PMC7851698
EDAT- 2020/12/06 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/06 06:01
PMCR- 2021/07/29
CRDT- 2020/12/05 05:26
PHST- 2020/12/05 05:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/06 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - AEM.01956-20 [pii]
AID - 01956-20 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.01956-20 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2021 Mar 1;87(4):e01956-20. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01956-20. 
      Epub 2020 Dec 4.