PMID- 33282610 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201208 IS - 2168-8184 (Print) IS - 2168-8184 (Electronic) IS - 2168-8184 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 12 DP - 2020 Dec 3 TI - A Very Rare Case of Primary Renal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting With Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis on Radiological Imaging. PG - e11871 LID - 10.7759/cureus.11871 [doi] LID - e11871 AB - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) and primary renal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are both rare conditions that can present very similarly in a patient with renal staghorn calculi. We report a case of a 54-year-old male who presented with fatigue, vomiting and significant acute weight loss. The patient was initially believed to have XGP, but was ultimately diagnosed with both XGP and primary renal SCC. This case report and literature review is meant to elucidate the similarities and differences between XGP and primary renal SCC as both can be diagnostically challenging. CI - Copyright (c) 2020, Veerabathini et al. FAU - Veerabathini, Bala C AU - Veerabathini BC AD - Medicine, Peconic Bay Medical Center - Northwell Health, Riverhead, USA. FAU - Manthani, Kaushik AU - Manthani K AD - Family Medicine, Peconic Bay Medical Center - Northwell Health, Riverhead, USA. FAU - Gandhi, Sandeep AU - Gandhi S AD - Medicine, Peconic Bay Medical Center - Northwell Health, Riverhead, USA. FAU - Duddala, Nerin AU - Duddala N AD - Internal Medicine, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND. LA - eng PT - Case Reports DEP - 20201203 PL - United States TA - Cureus JT - Cureus JID - 101596737 PMC - PMC7714747 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bear paw sign OT - kidney OT - nephrectomy OT - proteus OT - pyelonephritis OT - renal OT - squamous cell carcinoma (scc) OT - staghorn calculi OT - urinary tract infection OT - xanthogranulomatous COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2020/12/08 06:00 MHDA- 2020/12/08 06:01 PMCR- 2020/12/03 CRDT- 2020/12/07 05:34 PHST- 2020/12/07 05:34 [entrez] PHST- 2020/12/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/12/08 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/12/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.7759/cureus.11871 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cureus. 2020 Dec 3;12(12):e11871. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11871.