PMID- 33286547
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240329
IS  - 1099-4300 (Electronic)
IS  - 1099-4300 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 7
DP  - 2020 Jul 16
TI  - Image-Based Methods to Investigate Synchronization between Time Series Relevant 
      for Plasma Fusion Diagnostics.
LID - 10.3390/e22070775 [doi]
LID - 775
AB  - Advanced time series analysis and causality detection techniques have been 
      successfully applied to the assessment of synchronization experiments in 
      tokamaks, such as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) and sawtooth pacing. Lag 
      synchronization is a typical strategy for fusion plasma instability control by 
      pace-making techniques. The major difficulty, in evaluating the efficiency of the 
      pacing methods, is the coexistence of the causal effects with the periodic or 
      quasi-periodic nature of the plasma instabilities. In the present work, a set of 
      methods based on the image representation of time series, are investigated as 
      tools for evaluating the efficiency of the pace-making techniques. The main 
      options rely on the Gramian Angular Field (GAF), the Markov Transition Field 
      (MTF), previously used for time series classification, and the Chaos Game 
      Representation (CGR), employed for the visualization of large collections of long 
      time series. The paper proposes an original variation of the Markov Transition 
      Matrix, defined for a couple of time series. Additionally, a recently proposed 
      method, based on the mapping of time series as cross-visibility networks and 
      their representation as images, is included in this study. The performances of 
      the method are evaluated on synthetic data and applied to JET measurements.
FAU - Craciunescu, Teddy
AU  - Craciunescu T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0012-4260
AD  - EUROfusion Consortium, JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK.
AD  - National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077126 Magurele, 
      Romania.
FAU - Murari, Andrea
AU  - Murari A
AD  - National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077126 Magurele, 
      Romania.
AD  - Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Universita di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), 
      I-35127 Padova, Italy.
AD  - EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 
      3DB, UK.
FAU - Lerche, Ernesto
AU  - Lerche E
AD  - National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077126 Magurele, 
      Romania.
AD  - LPP-ERM/KMS, Association EUROFUSION-Belgian State, TEC Partner, 1000 Brussels, 
      Belgium.
FAU - Gelfusa, Michela
AU  - Gelfusa M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5158-7292
AD  - National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077126 Magurele, 
      Romania.
AD  - Associazione EUROfusion-University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Orazio Raimondo, 
      18, 00173 Roma, Italy.
FAU - Jet Contributors
AU  - Jet Contributors
LA  - eng
GR  - 633053/EUROfusion/
GR  - 16N/2019/Romanian National 'Nucleu' Program LAPLAS VI/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200716
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Entropy (Basel)
JT  - Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101243874
PMC - PMC7517334
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gramian angular field
OT  - Markov transition field
OT  - chaos game representation
OT  - complex networks
OT  - entropy
OT  - pacing experiments
OT  - sawteeth
OT  - tokamaks
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2020/12/09 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/09 06:01
PMCR- 2020/07/16
CRDT- 2020/12/08 01:04
PHST- 2020/06/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/08 01:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - e22070775 [pii]
AID - entropy-22-00775 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/e22070775 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Entropy (Basel). 2020 Jul 16;22(7):775. doi: 10.3390/e22070775.