PMID- 33295798
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210924
LR  - 20220425
IS  - 1556-9519 (Electronic)
IS  - 1556-3650 (Linking)
VI  - 59
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Aug
TI  - Stimulant storm - state health department psychostimulant age-adjusted mortality 
      rate correlates with psychostimulant-based Michigan Poison Center case exposures 
      over time.
PG  - 740-745
LID - 10.1080/15563650.2020.1853143 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Deaths attributable to psychostimulants with abuse potential have 
      increased in the United States (US) in recent years. Methamphetamine use, in 
      particular, has risen sharply. We evaluated the correlation between amphetamine- 
      and methamphetamine-related case exposures reported to the Michigan Poison Center 
      (MiPC) coinciding with psychostimulant age-adjusted mortality rates from the 
      Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). METHODS: We compared 
      amphetamine and methamphetamine exposures reported to the MiPC from 2012 to 2018, 
      queried from ToxSentry((R)) database, to MDHHS reports on resident death 
      certificates with attributed death due to "overdose, regardless of intent" and 
      related cause of death attributed to psychostimulants with abuse potential. 
      Linear regression assessed goodness-of-fit. Slope with standard error and 
      adjusted R(2) were reported. Psychostimulants included methamphetamine, 
      3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), dextroamphetamine, levoamphetamine, 
      and methylphenidate. RESULTS: Psychostimulant deaths reported by MDHHS increased 
      from 17 to 165 between 2012 and 2018. The average age-adjusted rate of 
      psychostimulant-involved overdose deaths per 100,000 state residents rose from 
      0.2 to 1.8. Linear regression of MiPC amphetamine exposure rates with state 
      health department-reported age-adjusted psychostimulant mortality rates yielded a 
      slope of 1.93, SE 0.5, p value 0.035, and adjusted R(2) 0.55. Linear regression 
      of MiPC methamphetamine exposure rates with state health department-reported 
      age-adjusted psychostimulant mortality rates yielded a slope of 0.78, SE 0.27, p 
      value 0.012, and adjusted R(2) 0.70 suggesting a strong correlation. CONCLUSION: 
      Psychostimulant use and associated deaths in the US are increasing, representing 
      an evolving public health threat. Michigan demonstrates consistency with national 
      trends and data from the MiPC correlates strongly with state-reported 
      age-adjusted psychostimulant mortality rates. Strengthening collaboration between 
      poison centers and state health departments is critical for detection and 
      mitigation efforts and can thereby inform resource allocation.
FAU - Vohra, Varun
AU  - Vohra V
AD  - Michigan Poison Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University 
      School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
FAU - King, Andrew
AU  - King A
AD  - Michigan Poison Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University 
      School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
FAU - Daviskiba, Sydney
AU  - Daviskiba S
AD  - Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
FAU - Reed, Brian
AU  - Reed B
AD  - Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
FAU - Rockhill, Sarah
AU  - Rockhill S
AD  - Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA.
FAU - Kern, Perri
AU  - Kern P
AD  - Michigan Poison Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University 
      School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
FAU - Dean, Diana
AU  - Dean D
AD  - Michigan Poison Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University 
      School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201209
PL  - England
TA  - Clin Toxicol (Phila)
JT  - Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
JID - 101241654
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - TZ47U051FI (Dextroamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamine/poisoning
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/*poisoning
MH  - Dextroamphetamine/poisoning
MH  - Drug Overdose/epidemiology/*mortality
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/poisoning
MH  - Methylphenidate/poisoning
MH  - Michigan/epidemiology
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/poisoning
MH  - Opioid-Related Disorders/mortality
MH  - Poison Control Centers/*statistics & numerical data
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Psychostimulant
OT  - amphetamine
OT  - methamphetamine
OT  - poison center
OT  - state health department
EDAT- 2020/12/10 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/25 06:00
CRDT- 2020/12/09 12:12
PHST- 2020/12/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/09 12:12 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/15563650.2020.1853143 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2021 Aug;59(8):740-745. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1853143. 
      Epub 2020 Dec 9.