PMID- 33302461 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210212 LR - 20231104 IS - 1660-4601 (Electronic) IS - 1661-7827 (Print) IS - 1660-4601 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 24 DP - 2020 Dec 8 TI - Air Pollutants Interaction and Gender Difference on Bone Mineral Density T-Score in Taiwanese Adults. LID - 10.3390/ijerph17249165 [doi] LID - 9165 AB - Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. Previous studies have reported associations between air pollution and lower bone mineral density; however, few studies have investigated the association between air pollution and osteoporosis. In this study, we combined two databases, the first including 5000 individuals registered in the Taiwan Biobank, and the second containing detailed daily data on air pollution. After multivariable adjustments, ozone (O(3)) (unstandardized coefficient beta, 0.015; p = 0.008) was significantly positively associated with T-score, whereas carbon monoxide (CO) (unstandardized coefficient beta, -0.809; p < 0.001), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) (unstandardized coefficient beta, -0.050; p = 0.005), nitric oxide (NO) (unstandardized coefficient beta, -0.040; p < 0.001), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) (unstandardized coefficient beta, -0.023; p < 0.001), and nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) (unstandardized coefficient beta, -0.017; p < 0.001) were significantly negatively associated with T-score. The interactions between CO and NO(x) (p = 0.001) and SO(2) and NO(2) (p = 0.004) on T-score were statistically significant. An increase in exposure to CO, NO and NO(x) was associated with a faster decline in T-score in the female participants compared to the male participants. In addition, an increase in O(3) was associated with a faster increase in T-score in the female participants compared to the male participants. In conclusion, the air pollutants CO, SO(2), NO, NO(2), and NO(x) were associated with osteoporosis. In addition, there were interaction and synergetic effects between CO and NO(x) and SO(2) and NO(2) on T-score. We also observed differences in the associations between air pollutants and T-score between the female and male participants. FAU - Lin, Yu-Hsuan AU - Lin YH AD - Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Wang, Chen-Feng AU - Wang CF AD - Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. FAU - Chiu, Hsuan AU - Chiu H AD - Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Lai, Bo-Cheng AU - Lai BC AD - Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. FAU - Tu, Hung-Pin AU - Tu HP AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1044-2673 AD - Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Wu, Pei-Yu AU - Wu PY AD - Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan. FAU - Huang, Jiun-Chi AU - Huang JC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5897-2860 AD - Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan. AD - Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. FAU - Chen, Szu-Chia AU - Chen SC AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1610-4184 AD - Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan. AD - Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. AD - Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20201208 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Environ Res Public Health JT - International journal of environmental research and public health JID - 101238455 RN - 0 (Particulate Matter) RN - 0UZA3422Q4 (Sulfur Dioxide) RN - 66H7ZZK23N (Ozone) RN - 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide) RN - S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dioxide) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Air Pollution/*adverse effects MH - *Bone Density MH - Carbon Monoxide/analysis/toxicity MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis/toxicity MH - Ozone/analysis/toxicity MH - Particulate Matter/analysis/toxicity MH - *Sex Factors MH - Sulfur Dioxide/analysis/toxicity MH - Taiwan/epidemiology PMC - PMC7764089 OTO - NOTNLM OT - air pollutants OT - gender difference OT - osteoporosis COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/12/12 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/13 06:00 PMCR- 2020/12/01 CRDT- 2020/12/11 01:01 PHST- 2020/11/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/12/03 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/12/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/12/11 01:01 [entrez] PHST- 2020/12/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijerph17249165 [pii] AID - ijerph-17-09165 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijerph17249165 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 8;17(24):9165. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249165.