PMID- 33314765
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210630
LR  - 20210630
IS  - 2162-3279 (Electronic)
VI  - 11
IP  - 3
DP  - 2021 Mar
TI  - Changes in the anterior cingulate cortex in Crohn's disease: A neuroimaging 
      perspective.
PG  - e02003
LID - 10.1002/brb3.2003 [doi]
LID - e02003
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that Crohn's disease (CD) pathophysiology goes 
      beyond the gastrointestinal tract and is also strongly associated with the brain. 
      In particular, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which plays an integral role 
      in the first brain as part of the default mode network (DMN) and pain matrix, 
      shows abnormalities using multiple neuroimaging modalities. This review 
      summarizes nine related studies that investigated changes in the ACC using 
      structural magnetic resonance imaging, resting-state functional magnetic 
      resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: An extensive 
      PubMed literature search was conducted from 1980 to August 2020. In a review of 
      the articles identified, particular attention was paid to analysis methods, 
      technical protocol characteristics, and specific changes in the ACC. RESULTS: In 
      terms of morphology, a decrease in gray matter volume and cortical thickness was 
      observed along with an increase in local gyrification index. In terms of 
      function, functional connectivity (FC) within the DMN was increased. FC between 
      the ACC and the amygdala was decreased. Higher amplitudes of low-frequency 
      fluctuation and graph theory results, including connectivity strength, clustering 
      coefficient, and local efficiency, were detected. In terms of neurotransmitter 
      changes, the concentrations of glutamate increased along with a decrease in 
      gamma-aminobutyric acid, providing a rational explanation for abdominal pain. 
      These changes may be attributed to stress, pain, and negative emotions, as well 
      as changes in gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with CD, the ACC 
      demonstrates structural, functional, and metabolic changes. In terms of clinical 
      findings, the ACC plays an important role in the onset of depression/anxiety and 
      abdominal pain. Therefore, successful modulation of this pathway may guide 
      treatment.
CI  - (c) 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
FAU - Kong, Ning
AU  - Kong N
AD  - The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 
      Hangzhou, China.
AD  - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese 
      Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Gao, Chen
AU  - Gao C
AD  - The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 
      Hangzhou, China.
AD  - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese 
      Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Xu, Maosheng
AU  - Xu M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2396-1600
AD  - The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 
      Hangzhou, China.
AD  - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese 
      Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Gao, Xuning
AU  - Gao X
AD  - The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 
      Hangzhou, China.
AD  - Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese 
      Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201212
PL  - United States
TA  - Brain Behav
JT  - Brain and behavior
JID - 101570837
SB  - IM
MH  - Brain
MH  - *Crohn Disease/diagnostic imaging
MH  - *Gyrus Cinguli/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Neural Pathways
MH  - Neuroimaging
PMC - PMC7994700
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Crohn's disease
OT  - anterior cingulate cortex
OT  - brain-gut axis
OT  - microbiota
OT  - neuroimaging
COIS- There is no conflict of interest to be disclosed.
EDAT- 2020/12/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/01 06:00
PMCR- 2020/12/12
CRDT- 2020/12/14 11:18
PHST- 2020/11/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/09/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/14 11:18 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - BRB32003 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/brb3.2003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Behav. 2021 Mar;11(3):e02003. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2003. Epub 2020 Dec 12.