PMID- 33316546
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210413
LR  - 20240226
IS  - 1090-2104 (Electronic)
IS  - 0006-291X (Linking)
VI  - 534
DP  - 2021 Jan 1
TI  - Galectin-9 regulates follicular helper T cells to inhibit humoral 
      autoimmunity-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
PG  - 99-106
LID - S0006-291X(20)32141-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.097 [doi]
AB  - Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) is an unexplained disease 
      state characterized by autoimmunity and pulmonary fibrosis. Exploring the 
      pathogenesis of IPAF is helpful for the treatment of interstitial pneumonia and 
      idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we observed that the lung 
      Galectin-9 (Gal-9) of IPAF patients was significantly reduced, which was 
      significantly related to lung dysfunction and abnormal humoral immunity. 
      Moreover, an overreactive germinal center (GC) reaction in the lung lymph nodes 
      (LNs) of Gal-9-deficient mice was found to be related to abnormally active 
      follicular helper T cells (Tfh) cells. The lack of Gal-9 ligand in Tfh cells can 
      lead to excessive transcriptional programming and differentiation and help GC B 
      cells. Gal-9 deficiency caused an abnormal humoral immune response in mice, 
      leading to excessive deposition of nonspecific autoantibodies in mice and chronic 
      lung fibrosis. Our research reveals the important regulatory role of gal-9 in Tfh 
      cells and a possible target for the treatment of IPAF.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhang, Nana
AU  - Zhang N
AD  - Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China.
FAU - Li, Xiaoli
AU  - Li X
AD  - Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China.
FAU - Wang, Junning
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China.
FAU - Wang, Jinye
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China.
FAU - Li, Na
AU  - Li N
AD  - Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China.
FAU - Wei, Yao
AU  - Wei Y
AD  - Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China.
FAU - Tian, Hua
AU  - Tian H
AD  - Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China.
FAU - Ji, Yahong
AU  - Ji Y
AD  - Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China. 
      Electronic address: jiyahong0908@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201211
PL  - United States
TA  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun
JT  - Biochemical and biophysical research communications
JID - 0372516
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Galectins)
RN  - 0 (LGALS9 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (galectin 9, mouse)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autoantibodies/blood
MH  - Autoimmunity/immunology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Galectins/genetics/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Germinal Center/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/*immunology/pathology
MH  - *Immunity, Humoral
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - T Follicular Helper Cells/*immunology/physiology
MH  - Mice
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Autoimmunity
OT  - Follicular helper T cells
OT  - Galectin-9
OT  - IPAF
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/12/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/14 06:00
CRDT- 2020/12/14 20:10
PHST- 2020/11/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/14 20:10 [entrez]
AID - S0006-291X(20)32141-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.097 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Jan 1;534:99-106. doi: 
      10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.097. Epub 2020 Dec 11.