PMID- 33318073
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210618
LR  - 20220302
IS  - 2373-2822 (Electronic)
IS  - 2373-2822 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jan-Feb
TI  - Spatiotemporal Coding in the Macaque Supplementary Eye Fields: Landmark Influence 
      in the Target-to-Gaze Transformation.
LID - ENEURO.0446-20.2020 [pii]
LID - 10.1523/ENEURO.0446-20.2020 [doi]
AB  - Eye-centered (egocentric) and landmark-centered (allocentric) visual signals 
      influence spatial cognition, navigation, and goal-directed action, but the neural 
      mechanisms that integrate these signals for motor control are poorly understood. 
      A likely candidate for egocentric/allocentric integration in the gaze control 
      system is the supplementary eye fields (SEF), a mediofrontal structure with 
      high-level "executive" functions, spatially tuned visual/motor response fields, 
      and reciprocal projections with the frontal eye fields (FEF). To test this 
      hypothesis, we trained two head-unrestrained monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to saccade 
      toward a remembered visual target in the presence of a visual landmark that 
      shifted during the delay, causing gaze end points to shift partially in the same 
      direction. A total of 256 SEF neurons were recorded, including 68 with spatially 
      tuned response fields. Model fits to the latter established that, like the FEF 
      and superior colliculus (SC), spatially tuned SEF responses primarily showed an 
      egocentric (eye-centered) target-to-gaze position transformation. However, the 
      landmark shift influenced this default egocentric transformation: during the 
      delay, motor neurons (with no visual response) showed a transient but 
      unintegrated shift (i.e., not correlated with the target-to-gaze transformation), 
      whereas during the saccade-related burst visuomotor (VM) neurons showed an 
      integrated shift (i.e., correlated with the target-to-gaze transformation). This 
      differed from our simultaneous FEF recordings (Bharmauria et al., 2020), which 
      showed a transient shift in VM neurons, followed by an integrated response in all 
      motor responses. Based on these findings and past literature, we propose that 
      prefrontal cortex incorporates landmark-centered information into a distributed, 
      eye-centered target-to-gaze transformation through a reciprocal prefrontal 
      circuit.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Bharmauria et al.
FAU - Bharmauria, Vishal
AU  - Bharmauria V
AD  - Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, 
      York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
FAU - Sajad, Amirsaman
AU  - Sajad A
AD  - Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, 
      York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
AD  - Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt 
      University, Nashville, TN 37240.
FAU - Yan, Xiaogang
AU  - Yan X
AD  - Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, 
      York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
FAU - Wang, Hongying
AU  - Wang H
AD  - Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, 
      York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
FAU - Crawford, John Douglas
AU  - Crawford JD
AD  - Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, 
      York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada jdc@yorku.ca.
AD  - Departments of Psychology, Biology and Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York 
      University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210121
PL  - United States
TA  - eNeuro
JT  - eNeuro
JID - 101647362
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Fixation, Ocular
MH  - Frontal Lobe
MH  - *Saccades
MH  - Superior Colliculi
MH  - *Visual Perception
PMC - PMC7877461
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - frontal cortex
OT  - head-unrestrained
OT  - landmarks
OT  - macaques
OT  - neural response fields
OT  - reference frames
EDAT- 2020/12/16 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/22 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/21
CRDT- 2020/12/15 05:54
PHST- 2020/10/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/15 05:54 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ENEURO.0446-20.2020 [pii]
AID - eN-NWR-0446-20 [pii]
AID - 10.1523/ENEURO.0446-20.2020 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - eNeuro. 2021 Jan 21;8(1):ENEURO.0446-20.2020. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0446-20.2020. 
      Print 2021 Jan-Feb.