PMID- 33324521
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231110
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 11
DP  - 2020 Nov 11
TI  - Prevalence and Patterns of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Asian Indians With 
      Congestive Heart Failure.
PG  - e11438
LID - 10.7759/cureus.11438 [doi]
LID - e11438
AB  - Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has a potential association with the 
      pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF). We assessed the prevalence and 
      patterns of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients presenting with CHF. Method 
      This was a prospective, observational, all-comers study of consecutive 77 
      confirmed cases of CHF. All these patients were clinically assessed and evaluated 
      for OSA with sleep study after routine blood testing, electrocardiogram (ECG), 
      chest X-ray, and echocardiography. Results Of 77 patients with CHF 38 (49.4%) had 
      apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) <5 while 39 (50.6%) had AHI >5. Of these 39, 37 
      (94.8%) patients showed the clinical features of OSA. The majority (64.9%) of 
      them were males. The majority of OSA (64.9%) had coronary artery disease (CAD) 
      (p<0.05) as the etiology of CHF, followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (32.4%) and 
      valvular heart disease (2.7%). The prevalence of OSA was higher amongst New York 
      Heart Association (NYHA) class 2 (51.4%) as compared to NYHA class 3 (37.8%) and 
      NYHA class 4 (10.8%). There were 12 (32.8%) patients, each having OSA with a 
      heart rate between 71 and 80 bpm and 81 and 90 bpm. Twenty-two (59.5%) had 
      systolic blood pressure (BP) more than 120 mmHg and 20 (54.1%) had diastolic BP 
      more than 80 mmHg. The majority (64.9%) patients had the lowest O(2) saturation 
      between 80% and 90%. A significantly large number of patients (62.2%) had 
      ejection fraction 21%-30% (p<0.05). The majority (62.16%) of patients with OSA 
      had AHI between 5 and 15. With 5-15 AHI, 20 (87%) patients with OSA had a 
      snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, high BP, BMI, age, neck circumference, and 
      male gender (STOP-Bang) score between 3 and 7 with AHI 5-15 (p<0.05). Conclusions 
      In our cohort, the prevalence of OSA in CHF was 50.6%. Predictors of OSA in CHF 
      were left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 20%-30% and NYHA class 2. The 
      majority had AHI between 5 and 15. Sleep apnea screening should be routinely 
      implemented in the evaluation and follow-up of heart failure patients.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020, Bhalla et al.
FAU - Bhalla, Sukriti
AU  - Bhalla S
AD  - Cardiology, Aakash Healthcare Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, IND.
FAU - Sharma, Kamal
AU  - Sharma K
AD  - Cardiology, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, IND.
FAU - Yadave, R D
AU  - Yadave RD
AD  - Cardiology, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, New Delhi, IND.
FAU - Desai, Hardik D
AU  - Desai HD
AD  - Internal Medicine, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Affiliated With 
      Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma (KSKV) University, Bhuj, IND.
FAU - Vora, Tanisha
AU  - Vora T
AD  - Medical Education and Simulation, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand (NHL) 
      Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND.
FAU - Khan, Erum
AU  - Khan E
AD  - Medicine, Sir Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND.
FAU - Shah, Purva
AU  - Shah P
AD  - Medicine, Sir Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND.
FAU - Jadeja, Dhigishaba
AU  - Jadeja D
AD  - Internal Medicine, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Affiliated With 
      Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma (KSKV) University, Bhuj, IND.
FAU - Bhandari, Vishal
AU  - Bhandari V
AD  - Interventional Cardiology, Tagore Hospital & Heart Care Centre Private Limited, 
      Jalandhar, IND.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201111
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC7732783
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - apnea hypopnea index
OT  - asian indian
OT  - congestive heart failure
OT  - obstructive sleep apnea
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2020/12/17 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/17 06:01
PMCR- 2020/11/11
CRDT- 2020/12/16 05:37
PHST- 2020/12/16 05:37 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/11/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.11438 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2020 Nov 11;12(11):e11438. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11438.