PMID- 33327272
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210104
LR  - 20221005
IS  - 1536-5964 (Electronic)
IS  - 0025-7974 (Print)
IS  - 0025-7974 (Linking)
VI  - 99
IP  - 50
DP  - 2020 Dec 11
TI  - Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with a variety of infections in patients 
      with liver cirrhosis.
PG  - e23436
LID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000023436 [doi]
LID - e23436
AB  - There is evidence that intake of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) increases the risk 
      for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with liver cirrhosis. 
      However, data regarding the impact of PPI intake on occurrence of infections 
      other than SBP are still lacking.We hypothesized that PPI use is associated with 
      a higher rate of infections other than SBP in patients with liver cirrhosis.The 
      current case-control study sample included patients with liver cirrhosis from the 
      Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), which compiles data such as risk factors, drug 
      prescriptions and diagnoses obtained from general practitioners and specialists 
      in Germany. In total, 2,823 patients with infections were matched with 2,823 
      patients without infections by propensity scores. For quantification of PPI use 
      the prescribed quantity of PPI during the past 12 months before index date was 
      analyzed.Frequency of PPI users was significantly higher in patients with 
      infections than in patients without infections (47.9% vs 37.9%). In regression 
      analysis, PPI use was significantly associated with the occurrence of infections 
      overall (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.39-1.72, P < .001), and associated with the occurrence 
      of lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and infectious 
      gastroenteritis. There was no association between PPI use and skin infections. 
      Pantoprazole and omeprazole were the most frequently prescribed PPIs and were 
      both independently associated with the occurrence of infections.PPI use may be 
      associated with infections other than SBP in patients with liver cirrhosis. 
      Prescription of PPI should be limited to patients with a clear indication.
FAU - Labenz, Christian
AU  - Labenz C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8390-9663
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes 
      Gutenberg-University, Mainz.
FAU - Kostev, Karel
AU  - Kostev K
AD  - Epidemiology, IQVIA, Frankfurt am Main.
FAU - Galle, Peter R
AU  - Galle PR
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes 
      Gutenberg-University, Mainz.
FAU - Worns, Marcus-Alexander
AU  - Worns MA
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes 
      Gutenberg-University, Mainz.
FAU - Labenz, Joachim
AU  - Labenz J
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine.
FAU - Tanislav, Christian
AU  - Tanislav C
AD  - Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Diakonie Klinikum Siegen.
FAU - Adarkwah, Charles Christian
AU  - Adarkwah CC
AD  - Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg.
AD  - CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Health Services 
      Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Medicine (Baltimore)
JT  - Medicine
JID - 2985248R
RN  - 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors)
RN  - D8TST4O562 (Pantoprazole)
RN  - KG60484QX9 (Omeprazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Infections/*chemically induced
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Databases, Factual
MH  - Female
MH  - Germany
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Cirrhosis/*drug therapy/microbiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Omeprazole/adverse effects
MH  - Pantoprazole/adverse effects
MH  - Propensity Score
MH  - Proton Pump Inhibitors/*adverse effects
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Risk Factors
PMC - PMC7738005
EDAT- 2020/12/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/05 06:00
PMCR- 2020/12/11
CRDT- 2020/12/17 01:01
PHST- 2020/12/17 01:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 00005792-202012110-00053 [pii]
AID - MD-D-20-01542 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/MD.0000000000023436 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Dec 11;99(50):e23436. doi: 
      10.1097/MD.0000000000023436.