PMID- 33331741
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230320
LR  - 20230320
IS  - 2724-6116 (Electronic)
IS  - 2724-6116 (Linking)
VI  - 48
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Mar
TI  - Rubrometabolic Syndrome.
PG  - 59-75
LID - 10.23736/S2724-6507.20.03353-2 [doi]
AB  - Metabolic syndrome (MS), a conglomeration of several conditions including 
      obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance, elevated blood 
      pressure, and dyslipidemia is reaching epidemic proportions. Anemia is caused by 
      iron deficiency or dysregulation of iron homeostasis, leading to tissue hypoxia. 
      Coexistence of anemia and MS or its components has been reported in the 
      literature. The term "rubrometabolic syndrome" acts as a unifying entity linking 
      the importance of blood in health and anemia in MS; it justifies two principles - 
      redness of blood and low-grade inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation in MS 
      affects iron metabolism leading to anemia. Tissue hypoxia that results from the 
      anemic condition seems to be a major causative factor for the exacerbation of 
      several microvascular and macrovascular components of T2DM, which include 
      diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular complications. 
      In obesity, anemia leads to malabsorption of micronutrients and can complicate 
      the management of the condition by bariatric surgery. Anemia interferes with the 
      diagnosis and management of T2DM, obesity, dyslipidemia, or hypertension due to 
      its effect on pathological tests as well as medications. Since anemia in MS is 
      multifaceted, the management of anemia is challenging as overcorrection of anemia 
      with erythropoietin-stimulating agents can cause detrimental effects. These 
      limitations necessitate availability of an effective and safe therapy that can 
      maintain and elevate the hemoglobin levels along with maintaining the 
      physiological balance of other systems. This review discusses the physiological 
      links between anemia and MS along with diagnosis and management strategies in 
      patients with coexistence of anemia and MS.
FAU - Kalra, Sanjay
AU  - Kalra S
AD  - Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India - brideknl@gmail.com.
FAU - Coetzee, Ankia
AU  - Coetzee A
AD  - Division of Endocrinology, Stellenbosch University & Tygerberg Hospital, Cape 
      Town, South Africa.
FAU - Kalra, Philip A
AU  - Kalra PA
AD  - Department of Renal Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.
FAU - Saldana, Joel R
AU  - Saldana JR
AD  - Resultados Medicos, Desarrollo e Investigacion, SC, Boulevard Valle de San 
      Javier, Pachuca Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico.
FAU - Kilov, Gary
AU  - Kilov G
AD  - University of Melbourne, Launceston, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201217
PL  - Italy
TA  - Minerva Endocrinol (Torino)
JT  - Minerva endocrinology
JID - 101777342
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/therapy
MH  - *Metabolic Syndrome/complications/therapy
MH  - Obesity/complications
MH  - *Anemia/diagnosis/etiology/therapy
MH  - Inflammation
MH  - Iron/therapeutic use
EDAT- 2020/12/18 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/21 06:00
CRDT- 2020/12/17 09:03
PHST- 2020/12/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/17 09:03 [entrez]
AID - S0391-1977.20.03353-2 [pii]
AID - 10.23736/S2724-6507.20.03353-2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Minerva Endocrinol (Torino). 2023 Mar;48(1):59-75. doi: 
      10.23736/S2724-6507.20.03353-2. Epub 2020 Dec 17.