PMID- 33340753
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210621
LR  - 20210621
IS  - 1879-3231 (Electronic)
IS  - 0093-691X (Linking)
VI  - 161
DP  - 2021 Feb
TI  - Sperm head morphometry and chromatin condensation are in constant change at 
      seminiferous tubules, epididymis, and ductus deferens in bulls.
PG  - 200-209
LID - S0093-691X(20)30636-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.004 [doi]
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the sperm head morphometry and chromatin 
      condensation at different regions of the reproductive tract in bulls. Sperm 
      smears of seminiferous tubules (ST), epididymis head (EH), body (EB), and tail 
      (ET), and ductus deferens (DD) were stained with toluidine blue. Afterwards, the 
      sperm head morphometry and chromatin alteration types were evaluated by a 
      computational image analysis. Overall, spermatozoa of ST had lower (P < 0.05) 
      area (A), perimeter (P), width (W), length (L), ellipticity (E), and Fourier 
      harmonics (F0, F1, and F2). The chromatin decondensation (CD) and heterogeneity 
      (CH) were higher (P < 0.05) in the ST region and decreased (P < 0.0001) during 
      the migration along the reproductive tract (ST - DD direction). Considering the 
      factors extracted (Factors 1 and 2) by the principal component analysis, the 
      parameters A, P, W, L, and F0 were responsible for  approximately 36% of the Factor 1, while 
      the E, F0, F1, and anterior-posterior symmetry (APS) contributed  approximately 27% to Factor 
      2. Both, CD and CH were associated with Factor 1 in the EH and ET regions and 
      Factor 2 in the ST. Also, a well-defined difference between sperm heads collected 
      from the ST and DD regions was observed by canonical analysis. The distribution 
      of each chromatin alteration type was recorded. The proportion of normal sperm 
      was lower (P < 0.05) in ST compared to other regions. Moreover, the chromatin 
      influenced the morphometry and sperm heads with whole chromatin alteration type 
      showed a smaller (P < 0.05) A, P, W, L, and E. In summary, the epididymal 
      maturation is important for chromatin compaction and final morphometry of the 
      sperm head. Also, the identification and quantification of the sperm chromatin 
      condensation in different regions of reproductive tract can be used as potential 
      biomarkers to predict the fertility in bulls.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Martins, Muller Carrara
AU  - Martins MC
AD  - Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Goncalves, Lucas Melo
AU  - Goncalves LM
AD  - Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Nonato, Amanda
AU  - Nonato A
AD  - Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Nassif Travencolo, Bruno Augusto
AU  - Nassif Travencolo BA
AD  - Faculty of Computer Science, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
FAU - Alves, Benner Geraldo
AU  - Alves BG
AD  - Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, 
      Brazil; Federal University of Goias, Jatai, GO, Brazil.
FAU - Beletti, Marcelo Emilio
AU  - Beletti ME
AD  - Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, 
      Brazil. Electronic address: mebeletti@ufu.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201209
PL  - United States
TA  - Theriogenology
JT  - Theriogenology
JID - 0421510
RN  - 0 (Chromatin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cattle
MH  - *Chromatin
MH  - *Epididymis
MH  - Male
MH  - Seminiferous Tubules
MH  - Sperm Head
MH  - Spermatozoa
MH  - Vas Deferens
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chromatin condensation
OT  - Epididymis
OT  - Sperm morphometry
OT  - Toluidine blue
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to 
      declare.
EDAT- 2020/12/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/22 06:00
CRDT- 2020/12/19 20:09
PHST- 2020/08/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/12/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/19 20:09 [entrez]
AID - S0093-691X(20)30636-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Theriogenology. 2021 Feb;161:200-209. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.004. 
      Epub 2020 Dec 9.