PMID- 33343553
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201222
IS  - 1664-302X (Print)
IS  - 1664-302X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-302X (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Antimicrobial Activity of Soil Clostridium Enriched Conditioned Media Against 
      Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
PG  - 608998
LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608998 [doi]
LID - 608998
AB  - The rise of antimicrobial resistant bacteria has fast-tracked the exploration for 
      novel antimicrobial compounds. Reports on antimicrobial producing soil anaerobes 
      such as Clostridium spp. are very limited. In the present study, the 
      antimicrobial activity of soil Clostridium enriched conditioned/spent media (CMs) 
      against Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 
      assessed by turbidimetric growth inhibition assay. Our results highlighted the 
      antimicrobial potential of soil Clostridium enriched conditioned media against 
      pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Farm 4 soil conditioned medium (F4SCM) 
      demonstrated a greater growth inhibition activity against all three tested 
      microorganisms in comparison to other soil conditioned media. Non-targeted 
      metabolite profiling of all soil conditioned media revealed distinctive polar and 
      intermediate-polar metabolites in F4SCM, consistent with its strong antimicrobial 
      property. Moreover, 539 significantly abundant metabolites including some unique 
      features were detected in F4SCM suggesting its substantial and specialized 
      chemical diversity. This study putatively identified seven significantly high 
      metabolites in F4SCM; 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, creatine, 
      tryptamine, and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid. Tryptamine and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid 
      were previously reported to have antimicrobial properties. The present study 
      shows that soil Clostridium spp. are a promising group of bacteria producing 
      metabolites with antimicrobial activity and provides future prospects for 
      clostridial antimicrobial discovery within their metabolic diversity.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Pahalagedara, Flint, Palmer, Subbaraj, Brightwell and Gupta.
FAU - Pahalagedara, Amila Srilal Nawarathna Weligala
AU  - Pahalagedara ASNW
AD  - Food Assurance team, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey 
      University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
AD  - School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New 
      Zealand.
FAU - Flint, Steve
AU  - Flint S
AD  - School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New 
      Zealand.
FAU - Palmer, Jon
AU  - Palmer J
AD  - School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New 
      Zealand.
FAU - Subbaraj, Arvind
AU  - Subbaraj A
AD  - Proteins and Metabolites team, AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln, 
      New Zealand.
FAU - Brightwell, Gale
AU  - Brightwell G
AD  - Food Assurance team, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey 
      University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
FAU - Gupta, Tanushree Barua
AU  - Gupta TB
AD  - Food Assurance team, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey 
      University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201204
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in microbiology
JID - 101548977
PMC - PMC7746556
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Clostridium spp.
OT  - antimicrobial compounds
OT  - non-targeted metabolomics
OT  - soil
OT  - strict anaerobe
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/12/22 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/22 06:01
PMCR- 2020/12/04
CRDT- 2020/12/21 06:04
PHST- 2020/09/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/21 06:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608998 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Microbiol. 2020 Dec 4;11:608998. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608998. 
      eCollection 2020.