PMID- 33346906
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210818
LR  - 20210818
IS  - 1896-1851 (Electronic)
IS  - 1230-2821 (Print)
IS  - 1230-2821 (Linking)
VI  - 66
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Jun
TI  - Rapid and Reliable Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis from Faeces Using 
      Droplet Digital PCR.
PG  - 553-559
LID - 10.1007/s11686-020-00325-9 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe helminthic disease in humans caused 
      by larvae of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Austria is considered 
      an endemic area with hotspots having up to 45% prevalence (Bago et al. in 
      Proceedings of the Zoo and Wildlife Health Conference 2019, Berlin, p. 91, 2019). 
      At our facility, we have registered a notifiable increase of animals submitted 
      for the diagnosis of E. multilocularis since 2016. Therefore, we investigated 
      high throughput diagnostic methods to provide rapid and reliable results in 
      comparison with our current method. METHODS: We have developed and compared a 
      novel method of detection using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) combined with 
      previous target specific extraction according to Maas et al. (Vet Parasitol 
      230:20-24, 2016), with our current macroscopic method "Shaking in a Vessel 
      Technique" (SVT) by Duscher et al. (Parasitol Res 95(1):40-42, 2005). We 
      investigated 77 wild canids (72 red foxes, 5 golden jackals) using both methods. 
      The data were analyzed using a non-Bayesian approach, applying bootstrapping to 
      create confidentiality intervals. RESULTS: Sensitivity for droplet digital PCR 
      was 90.51% with the 95% credibility interval ranging from 82.50 to 96.92%, 
      whereas mean sensitivity for SVT was 92.04% with a 95% credibility interval 
      ranging from 84.75% to 98.36%. Additionally, a non-linear regression similar to 
      R(2) could be pointed out between the counted worms and the results gathered from 
      ddPCR. CONCLUSION: Magnetic capture extraction followed by ddPCR shows strong 
      potential as a high throughput method for diagnosing E. multilocularis prevalence 
      in diverse canid populations as well as infection intensities of individual 
      animals, giving valuable epidemiological insights of the distribution amongst 
      wild canids as an alternative to conventional qPCR or macroscopic methods.
FAU - Bago, Fabian
AU  - Bago F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0566-0329
AD  - Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department for Interdisciplinary Life 
      Sciences, Vetmeduni Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria. 
      fabian.bago@vetmeduni.ac.at.
FAU - Hoelzl, Franz
AU  - Hoelzl F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9717-4338
AD  - Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department for Interdisciplinary Life 
      Sciences, Vetmeduni Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Knauer, Felix
AU  - Knauer F
AD  - Conservation Medicine Unit, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department 
      for Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Vetmeduni Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, 
      Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Kubber-Heiss, Anna
AU  - Kubber-Heiss A
AD  - Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department for Interdisciplinary Life 
      Sciences, Vetmeduni Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Smith, Steve
AU  - Smith S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1318-0018
AD  - Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department for Interdisciplinary Life 
      Sciences, Vetmeduni Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201221
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Acta Parasitol
JT  - Acta parasitologica
JID - 9301947
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Echinococcosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/veterinary
MH  - *Echinococcus multilocularis/genetics
MH  - Feces
MH  - Foxes
MH  - Humans
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
PMC - PMC8166707
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Droplet digital PCR
OT  - Echinococcus multilocularis
OT  - Foxes
OT  - Golden jackals
OT  - Magnetic capture extraction
COIS- On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/12/22 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/19 06:00
PMCR- 2020/12/21
CRDT- 2020/12/21 12:10
PHST- 2020/10/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/21 12:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s11686-020-00325-9 [pii]
AID - 325 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11686-020-00325-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Parasitol. 2021 Jun;66(2):553-559. doi: 10.1007/s11686-020-00325-9. Epub 
      2020 Dec 21.